Period III Reading for Writing
1.语言知识：sweep, strike,effect，过去分词(短语)作定语，as..as…原级比较结构，when
的用法等。
2.语言技能：学会写概要。
核心词汇
1.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were sweptaway by huge waves caudby the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.此次强烈地震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽车。教材P54
sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept)打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行
sweep the dirt into a dustpan 将灰尘扫入簸箕
“Red envelope” fever has swept the country.“红包”的热潮已席卷全国。
Searchlights are sweeping in the nightsky.探照灯正在夜空中扫来扫去。
常用搭配
团小组sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep away 消灭；摧毁；彻底消除
sweep over/across/around 扫视；掠过
sweep through扫过；掠过；风行
Jane was sweeping up the bits of paper and broken glass.简正在清扫纸屑和碎玻璃。
All doubts had long since been swept away.一切怀疑早已完全消除。
Ninety-mile per hour winds swept across the plains.时速90英里的强风横扫平原。
联想词
sweeper n.清洁工；清扫机
a road sweeper 马路清洁工
a carpet sweeper 地毯清洁器
牛刀小试1
翻译句子，体会sweep的一词多义。
1.A rare snowstormswept across the region yesterday.
2.His eyes swept around the room.长沙必去的地方
3. The wind swept the dead leaves away.
4.The new dance craze swept through the teenage population.
5.A plane swept over our heads.
6.A sudden feeling of nostalgiaswept all my anger away.
2.The undera quake struck around 7:, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.该海底地震于星期日上午7点左右在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的西海岸附近海域爆发。教材P54
strike (struck,struck/stricken)
①vi.& vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；(灾难、疾病等)侵袭
Apowerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early thismorning.今天凌晨意大利西西里岛发生了强地震。
常用搭配
be 被……侵袭
However, many buildings in tho areas suffered wind damage or were struck byfalling trees
during the hurricane.那些地区的许多建筑物在飓风刮过时不是遭受风的破坏就是被倒下的树木压坏了。
②vt.碰撞；撞击
The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。
③vi.& vt.攻击；突然袭击
Our troop struck the enemy camp at dawn.我军在黎明向敌军营地发起了进攻。
常用搭配
朝……打去
strike back 回击；反击
It strikes at the eagle's eye, and then darts away before the eagle can catch it.它啄老鹰的眼睛，然后在老鹰抓到它之前迅速跑掉。
So we will not only defend ourlves in cyberspace,but also strike back in kind when we are attacked.所以我们不仅要在网络空间进行自我防御，还要在受到攻击时以牙还牙。
④vt.(使)突然想起；(使)突然想到
If any good idea strikes you, plea let me know it in time.如果你突然想到好主意，请及时告诉我。
常见用法
It strikes =It occurs to =It hits 某人突然想起……
Halfway through the introduction it struckme that I couldn't name a single Keatspoem.
引言读到一半时，我突然发现济慈的诗自己一首也说不出来。
④ vi.& n.罢工
In many countries, the police are forbidden to strike.很多国家是禁止警察罢工的。
常用搭配
be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工
联想词striker n.前锋
牛刀小试2
一、翻译句子，体会strike的一词多义。
1. He struck the nail with a hammer.
2. The killer might strike again.
3. A good idea suddenly struck me.
4. They are striking for higher pay.
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The tower of the church ________(strike) by lightning last night.
茯苓多糖2. The electricity workers have been ________strike for veral weeks.
3. He fell, ________(strike) his headon the table.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.这个地区过去风沙猖獗。
The area ud to ________ ________ ________raging sandstorms.
2.她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不用担心的一件事。
________ ________ ________ ________losing the company mightbe the least of her worries.
3.空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。
Air traffic controllers are threatening to ________ ________ ________.
3.What are the possible effects of the disaster?灾难可能带来的影响是什么？教材P57
effect n.影响；结果；效果，效应；作用
One of the effects of this illness is that you may lo your hair.这种病的影响之一是可能会脱发。It's not to say the more sports they do,the better. Unscientific exerci may have opposite effects.并不是说他们做的运动越多越好。不科学的运动可能会产生相反的效果。
Its effect on the environment is a major concern.它对环境的影响是人们主要担心的事。
常用搭配
have an/no/much/little 对……有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响
cau and effect 因果(关系)
side effect(s)(药物等的)副作用
take effect开始起作用；见效
take effect/ come to effect 生效；开始实施
Best of all, humor rais your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.更重要的是，幽默能够增强活力，同时对你在学校、工作甚至是个人生活中的表现产生影响。
The ri of a nation does not happen by chance; you can't ignore the rules of cau and effect.
一个国家的崛起不是偶然的；你不能无视因果定律。
Under the UNESCO Constitution, the US withdrawal took effect on 31December，2018.
根据“联合国教科文组织章程”，美国于2018年12月31日正式退出该组织。
New controls come into effect next month.下月开始实施新的管制措施。《牛津高阶》
联想词
①effective adj.有效的；实际的
①ineffective adj.无效的
Pau键是什么意思啊①effectively ado.有效地；实际上
易混词
affect t.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
How much do your kindergarten teachers and classmates affect the rest of your life? 你幼儿园的老师和同学对你的余生有多大影响？
牛刀小试3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词度括号内单词的正确形式。
1. What theteachersaysand doesalways has a great effect ________his students.
2. The law will come ________effect atthe start of October.
3. This trend has had some unintended side ________（effect）such asoverweight and heart dia.
4. They have reduced pollution through ________(effect) measures.
5.I can't balance work and home duties________(effect).
二、翻译句子。
1.母亲的行为对成长中的孩子有深远的影响。(have an effect on)
2.交通法要到年底才生效。(takeeffect/come into effect)
3.她的意见不会影响我的决定。(affect)
4. Everything has its cau and effect do not blame bad luck.
句型探究
1.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes,and cars were sweptaway by huge waves caud by the strong earthquakethat reached a magnitude of 9.0.
【句意】此次强烈地震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客、酒店、住房以及
汽车。教材P54
知识拓展过去分词(短语)作定语
过去分词(短语)作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
(1)前置定语
单个的过去分词，往往是及物动词的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语，不表被动，只表完成。
④表示被动意义
an honoured guest一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人正在医院里被悉心照料。
④表示完成意义
a retired teacher一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
(2)后置定语
过去分词(短语)作后置定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written( =that has ever beenwritten).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的一本。
Who were the so-called guests invited ( =who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚受邀参加你的聚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
牛刀小试1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The student ________(absorb）inthe games on the phone didn't notice his teacher behind him.
2.There was a sudden burstof light _________ (follow)by a terriblenoi.
二、翻译句子。
1.这座1990年建的楼是我们的图书馆。
2.这是冰心写的一本书。
2.一Indian officials said as many as 1900 had been killed alongthe southern coast.
【句意】印度官员称，印度南部沿海地区多达1，900人遇难。教材P54
知识拓展: as...as...原级比较结构……
④基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as...和······一样·……
His handwriting is as beautiful as mine.他的书写和我的一样好。
I can speak English as fluently as a native speaker.我英语讲得和母语是英语的人一样流利。
④否定形式：not as/so+ adj./ado.+as表示前者不如后者
I am not as/so busy as I ud to be.我没有过去那么忙了。
二十二条军规④加名词时：as+ adj.+(a/an+)n. +as
We have produced as many cars as we did last year.我们生产的汽车和去年一样多。
The mobile phone is as uful a tool as the computer.手机是和电脑一样有用的工具。
3.I was having breakfast with my three children when waterstarted filling my home.
【句意】我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，突然海水开始涌进我家。教材P54
知识拓展when的用法……
be doing.when..意为“正在做……这时(突然)……”，该句型中when不可以换成while，when引导的从句多为一般过去时。
其他相关句型有：
be on the point of doing 正准备做某事，这时(突然)······
be about to do 正准备做某事，这时(突然)……
had (just) done 刚做完某事，这时(突然)······
She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.她正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
He was about to light up a cigarette when his wife came in.他正准备点烟，这时候他的妻子进来了。
We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.我们正要离开的时候，杰里来了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他录入一封信。
We had just arrived home when the rain poured down.我们刚到家，这时候下起了倾盆大雨。牛刀小试2
主题家园
根据汉语意思完成句子。非常感谢英文
1.他篮球打得和我一样好。
He plays basketballas _______ as me.
2.他的建议不如我的有价值。
His suggestionisnot _______valuable as mine.
3.人们普遍认为，教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much _______ art as it isascience.
概要写作
初中文言文阅读概要写作是对阅读理解和写作的综合考查，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心、体裁和结构的前提下，用精简的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。
考试中的概要写作一般提供350词左右的短文，以说明文和议论文为主，要求学生根据短文写出一篇60词左右的概要。
1.写作步骤
(1)仔细阅读并理解文章大意；
(2)从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略次要信息；
(3)运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。
2.写作中语言表达的注意事项
(1)要准确运用词汇和语法结构：巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达，如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等。
(2)有效使用逻辑关系词，保证上下文的连贯性。常见的逻辑词有：
并列关系：and, or, also, too, as well(也)，, or...(或者……或者……)等
递进关系：what's more(而且)，besides(除此以外)，inaddition(此外)，furthermore/moreover(再者)， (不但……而且……)等
转折关系：but,however,though等
先后顺序关系：first, cond, first of all, to begin with, finally, last but not least等
因果关系：becau, becau of,owing to (因为),due to(由于)，as a result of(由于)，therefore, conquently(结果)，as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(所以)等归纳总结：on the whole (总体来说),in a word/in conclusion/in summary/in short (总之)等.
(3)保证语言表达的独立性，学会通过同义转换、句子重构等方法用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。例如：
●a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia 中crashed into 可以换成hit
●government officials said 中said 可以换成described/stated
●Thousands of people are still missing 中missing 可以换成lost
