高中英语语法总结大全之倒装
●要点清单
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes.Away they went.
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never, ldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until…等。
Never have I en such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never en such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
腌制辣白菜典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___in the meeting-room
A.is smoking permitted
B.smoking is permitted
C.smoking is it permitted
D.does smoking permit 答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,ldom,never, not only,not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2）Not until the early years of the19th century ___what heat is.
A.man did know
B.man know
C.didn't man know
D.did man know
答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如Not only…but also,Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than
Not only did he refu the gift,he also verely criticized the nder.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___than it began to rain heavily.
A.the game began
B.has the game begun
C.did the game begin
D.had the game begun
答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,ldom,scarcely,little,few,not,
hardly，以及not only…but(also),no sooner…than,hardly…when scarcely…when等等。
注意：只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so,either,nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不"的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French.So can Jack.
If you won't go,neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know,_____.
< don't I care
< do I care
C.I don't care neither
D.I don't care also
答案：B.nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It's raining hard.---So it is.
only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way,can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is riously ill,does he ever stay in bed.
as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）。注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2)句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will,he never ems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。
其他部分倒装
1)so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had, should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you,I would try it again.
典型例题：
1）Not until the early years of the19th century___what heat is
A.man did know
B.man knew
C.didn't man know
D.did man know
答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）Not until I began to work___how much time I had wasted.
A.didn't I realize
B.did I realize
C.I didn't realize
D.I realize
答案为B。
3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know,___.
< don't I care
< do I care
C.I don't care neither
D.I don't care also
解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句，而neither,nor用在否定句中
●精题精练
高考应用
▲部分倒装的类型
以否定词和半否定词置于句首。特别注意hardly，few，ldom，little，not until，but also，han＝when/scarcely…，only 位于句首时表示修饰意义，即句首的不是only+状语，
而是only+宾语等，通常则无需倒装。1.（2016•江苏卷）Not until recently________the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A.they had encouraged
B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage
D.they encouraged
2.(2015•天津)Only when Lily walked into the office______that she had left the contract at home.
A.she realized
B.has she realized
C.she has realized
D.did she realize
3.（2014•全国大纲卷）________the nurs want a pay increa,they want reduced hours as well.
A.Not do only
B.Do no t only
C.Only not do
D.Not only do
4.（2014•陕西）No sooner________stepped on the stage than the audience broke in to thunderous applau.
A.had Mo Yan
B.Mo Yan had
C.has Mo Yan
D.Mo Yan has
5.（2014•湖南）Only when you can find peace in your heart________good relationships with others.
A.will you keep
D.did you keep
6.—Why,this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
—________，madam.It’s our soup of the day. A.Let me e B.So it is
C.Don’t mention it
D.Neither do I
1.C【解析】考察以否定词开头的部分倒装。
2.D【解析】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考
查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。
围巾系法
3.D【解析】句意：护士们不仅要求涨工资而
且要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also被省略，not only引导的句子置于句首时，需部分倒装。故选D。
4.A【解析】结构中的no sooner 置于句首时，其后的从句用部分倒装。
5.A【解析】考查倒装结构用法。Only修饰的状语（从句）位于句首时，句子的主句要用部
分倒装。即Only+状语/状语从句+be/助动词/情
态动词+主语。根据从句的can可以排除D项。句意：只有当你在你心中找到宁静的时候，你才会与其他人保持好的关系。故选A。
6.B【解析】考察＂So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＂结构。
应对策略（一）
总胆红素偏低（1）判断是否有否定词或半否定词置于句首，遇only时判断only后所接句子成分，来判断是否需要倒装。
（2）判断句子是否属于特殊倒装形式，如there be句型，地点状语置于句首等，从而判断句子需要到装的形式为全部倒装还是部分倒装。（3）根据语境判断句子所需时态和主被动关系。（4）用时态和语态来排除选项。
▲全部倒装
类型：There be句型；部分副词，地点状语置于句首。形式：把谓语动词全部提与主语前面，
而不是只提助动词、系动词、情态动词。
1.John opened the door.There_________he had never en before.
A.a girl did stand
B.a girl stood
C.did a girl stand
D.stood a girl
2.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______,one of the ten largest cities
in China.
A.lies Chongqing
B.Chongqing lies
C.does lie Chongqing
D.does Chongqing lie
1.D【解析】考点There be句型全部倒装。
2.A【解析】考点地点状语提前的全部倒装。
高效演练
（一）单项选择
1.Only after talking to two students________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A.I did discover
B.did I discover
C.I discovered
D.discovered红火人体
2.I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means_________with my progress.
A.the teacher is not satisfied
B.is the teacher not satisfied
C.the teacher is satisfied
D.is the teacher satisfied
3.________,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
4.________about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further rearch.
中国证券基金业协会A.So curious the couple was
B.So curious were the couple
C.How curious the couple were
D.The couple was such curious
5.________the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.
A.Did he catch
B.should be catch
C.has he caught
D.Had he caught
6.________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A.Only B.Just
C.Still
D.Yet
7.Only in this way________to make improvements in the operating system.
C.can you hope
D.did you hope
8.Not until he left his home______to know how important the family was for him.
A.did he begin
B.had he begun
C.he began
D.he had begun
9.—Was it becau of his shortsightedness
________he was turned down by the company?—No,it was becau of his poor performance. A.when B.that
C.what
D.how
10.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50percent________properly in this hospital.
A.can be the patients treated
B.can the patients be treated加陌生人微信技巧
C.the patients can be treated
带教工作总结D.treated can be the patients
11.At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A.they actually broke
B.do they actually break
C.did they actually break
D.they had actually broken
12.＂Never for a cond，＂the boy says,＂________that my father would come to my rescue.＂
A.I doubted
B.do I doubt
C.I have doubted
D.did I doubt
（二）完成句子
1.________(as,strange,may,sound,it),I was very plead it was over.
2.Short________(it,is，as),China’s first＂space class＂conveys so much knowledge and is certainly of great importance.
3.________had she begun________she heard someone running up the stairs.
4.________(I,spend)more time on my studies instead of being addicted to computer games,I would be working in a chain company of Microsoft.
5.－Under no circumstances________(you, leave)the door to the Data Centre unlocked.
－I promi I’ll be more careful in future.
钓虾场
6.Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisoned________(we，realize)we
cannot eat money.
7.If a healthy environment is gone,________ everything that our life depends on.（……也如此)
（一）单项选择
1.B【解析】考察Only部分倒装。
2.D【解析】“by no means”意为“绝不”，带有否定意义的词放在句首用部分倒装。
3.D【解析】As引导让步状语从句，从句部分倒装。其结构为：adj./adv./n.+as+主语+句子其他部分。
4.B【解析】句意：这对夫妇对于野生植物是那样的好奇；以致于他们决定去马达加斯加进一步研究。主语是cou ple，所以谓语用复数形式；该句子用部分倒装，so修饰的形容词或副词提到句首。
5.D【解析】考察虚拟条件句倒装，虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，were可以把if
省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。该题句意：如果他赶上火车，开会就不会迟到，为对过去的假设，从句可以为：if he had caught the morning train，倒装时省去if，将had提前。
6.A【解析】only句首部分倒装，just,still,yet 无此用法。
7.C【解析】only修饰状语部分倒装。
8.A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。not un
til引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。
9.B【解析】句意：＂他是因为近视而被公司拒绝的吗？＂＂不，是因为他的糟糕表现。＂分析句子成分可知，问句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，故选that。[Zx.xk]
10.B【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有在提高这家医院医生的数量50%之后，病人们才能在医院里得到良好的治疗。only加上强调的介词短语、状语或状语从句置于句首，句子需用部分倒装。
11.C【解析】考查倒装。否定介词短语位于句首，用部分倒装。根据后面＂it was unfair to punish them＂中谓语是过去时，所以选C而不选B。
12.D【解析】考查倒装用法。否定副词never 放于句首时，句子须用倒装语序，即把助动词放在主语的前面；根据引号里的宾语从句中谓语动词用过去将来时可知，主句要用一般过去时，故选D项。易错点：考生审题不清，容易被the boy says干扰，不知道使用倒装句或者使用与现在有关的时态，而误选其他三个选项。（二）完成句子
1.Strange as it may sound
【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：尽管这听起来有点怪，但是我很开心它结束了。as引导让步状语从句时，意为＂虽然，尽管＂，从句用部分倒装的形式，即＂形容词/副词/零冠词的名词/动词原形等＋as
＋主语＂。
2.as it is
【解析】as引导让步状语从句，部分倒装，将表语或状语置于句首。
3.No sooner;than/Hardly;when
【解析】考查固定结构。,意为＂一……就……＂。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。另外，当把hardly /no sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。4.Had I spent
【解析】考查虚拟语气和特殊句式。由句意可知，逗号前为条件虚拟语气句，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句谓语动词用＂had＋过去分词＂，当从句中省略了引导词if时，从句用部分倒装，即将助动词had提到从句的主语之前，句子还原为：If I had spent more time on my studies instead of being addicted to
5.should you leave
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：——你无论如何都不能不锁数据中心的门就走了。——我答应你下次我
会注意的。under no circumstance相当于in no ca/in no way/on no account/by no means/never，意为＂决不＂，置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即：将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。若句中没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主
