舒服的拼音
数拼音第6章如何学习一门语言
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.
1. The type of language constructed by cond or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as ______. [中山大学2008研]
【答案】interlanguage
【解析】正处于学习过程中的二语或外语学习者构建的语言通常被称为中介语。中介语通常被理解为介于目的语和学习者母语之间的语言。
2. Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. [中山大学2008研]
【答案】mistake
【解析】错误通常指由于学习者不知道正确的形式或者不能正确地使用语言而出现的错误。失误则是学
习者学会了某种知识或技能，但是由于不注意或者其他因素的影响而没能正确地使用语言。
3. Hymes’theory leads to nation/function-bad syllables, and a step further, ______ syllabus. [中山大学2005研]
【答案】communicative
【解析】海姆斯提出的交际教学大纲以功能-意念大纲为基础，它教授表达和理解不同语言功能时所需要的语言，并且强调交际的过程。
4. ______ is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the cond language but is neither. [中山大学2006研]
【答案】Interlanguage
【解析】当学习者学习一种新语言时，就产生了中介语。中介语具有第一语言和第二语言的特征，但中介语是一个动态的语言系统，我们不能把中介语看成是母语和二语的过渡阶段或者是二者的简单混合。
5. The young child is heard making two-word utterances such as all gone milk, bye Daddy, gimme toy and so forth, the incomplete “ntences” are called ______. 【答案】telegraphic speech
【解析】儿童可以说“奶没了”“爸爸再见”等，这种不完整的句子叫电报式语言。
6. Behaviorism is a school of ______ that studies only tho things that are physically obrvable.
【答案】psychology
【解析】行为主义是研究生理上可以观察到的事物的心理学派。
军费7. Mentalism is reprented by the highly influential American linguist ______.
【答案】Noam Chomsky
【解析】心灵主义的代表人物是著名的语言学家乔姆斯基。
8. Language is “______”. That is, only humans can spea k a language. Language is a mental organ f
ound only in humans that grows in a way similar to the other parts of a child’s body, such as hands and feet.
【答案】species-specific
【解析】语言是物种特有的。就是说只有人类可以说语言。语言是只有人类才有的心灵器官，和人体其他部分如手脚的发展相似。
9. Starting with describing comparable features of the native language and target language (e. g. ten, words or expressions etc.), ______ compares the forms and meanings across the two languages to spot the mismatches or differences.
【答案】contrastive analysis
【解析】从描写本族语和目的语之间可比较的特征(如时态、词或表达等)开始，对比分析将两种语言之间的形式和意义进行比较以便找出不匹配或有差异的地方。
10. ______ is a process occurring from time to time in which incorrect linguistic
features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes a language.
【答案】Fossilization
著名古诗词【解析】在第二语言和外语教学中，一个时不时会出现的过程，在这个过程中，不正确的语
言特征成为了一个人说或写一门语言的方式的一个不变的部分。发音、词汇用法和语法方面在第二语言或外语学习中可能会变得固定或石化。
11. A ______ refers to a variety of a language that is not native language of anyone,
but is learned on contact situations such as trading.
【答案】pidgin
【解析】皮钦语不是任何人的母语，是在交往联系的情况下（例如交易）学习的语言变体。
12. Much of language consists of fixed stretches of language which are longer than
a single word. We readily and repeatedly u various kinds of ______, such as
idioms, t phras, jargon phras, stock expressions, and collocations.
【答案】chunks
【解析】许多语言都包含一些毕单词长的固定结构，我们很容易并且重复使用这些模块，如习语，固定短语，术语，惯用词汇，搭配等。
Ⅱ. Multiple Choice
1. In Krashen’s monitor theory, “i” in “i + 1” hypothesis of cond language acquisition refers to ______. [对外经贸2006研]
A. interaction七年级上册数学练习题
B. interference
C. input
D. intake
【答案】C
【解析】克拉申的“监控理论”中有一种二语习得输入假说，他用i表示学习者现有水平，用1表示略高于的水平，这就是克拉申的“i﹢1”输入假说。
2. The ______ is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the language items needed for them. [西安外国语学院2006研]
A. structural syllabus
B. situational syllabus秸秆禁烧工作方案
C. notional syllabus
D. functional syllabus
反对霸权主义维护世界和平【答案】B
【解析】在情景教学大纲中，语言内容是根据言语行为和所需的语言来进行组织的，其目的是要具体区分目的语使用的不同场景，语言的选择和组织都是以情景为线索的。
3. Negative transfer in learning a cond language is known as ______.
A. interference
B. interlanguage
C. fossilization
D. acculturation
【答案】A
【解析】语言学习者在学习第二语言时，难免受到母语的种种影响。其中有正面的影响，称
作正迁移，也有负面的影响，称作负迁移或者干扰。
4. ______ es errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.
A. error analysis
B. performance analysis
C. contrastive analysis
D. discour analysis
【答案】C
【解析】对比分析是通过对比不同语言来确定潜在错误的方法，它将错误看作是受母语习惯的结果，并认为这是学习者无法控制的。
5. ______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a cond language usually obtained in school ttings.
A. Competence
B. Performance
C. Learning
D. Acquisition
【答案】C小草湖天气预报
【解析】在学校里我们会学到第二语言，对第二语言知识的这种有意识的积累，叫做“学习”。
6. ______ is the study of psychological aspect of language.
