1. Fill in the blanks
(1) Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness. (大连外院2008）
(2) Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. (人大2007）
(3) human languages enable their urs to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not prent at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as displacement.（北二外2006）
(4) Halliday propos a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has ideational, interpersonal and textual functions. （中山大学2008）(5) Our language can be ud to talk about itlf. This is the metalingual(元语言) function of language. （中山大学2005）
(6) when language is ud for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is phatic function. (北二外2005）
(7) Pragmatics can be defined as the study of language in u. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, atte
mpts to show the relationship between language and society.
(8) Descriptive grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while prescriptive grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described. (人大2006）
（9）The description of a language as it changes through time is a Diachronic（历时） Linguistic study.
10.There are two fields of morphology: the study of inflectional and the study of derivational . （人大2006研）
11.A bound morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itlf. （北二外2003）
12.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be ud only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and infix. （北邮）
13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: affix and bound root.
14. Cohesion refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between ntences and between claus. (人大2007)
15.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory.（中山2008）16. Synonymy is the technical name for the sameness relation. （北外2007）
17. Terms like “rolling pin” and “ladle” are hyponyms of the term “kitchen implements”.（北二外2005）
18.Antonyms like “husband” v. “wife” are conver antonyms. （北二外2003）
19．Idiolect refers to varieties of a language ud by individual speakers, with peculiarities of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. In fact, no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect. Each speaker has certain characteristic features of his own in his way of speaking. （人大2007）20.“linguistic relativity” was propod by Sapir and whorf. （清华2001）
21.Language itlf is not xist, but its u may reflect the social attitude connoted in the language that is xist.
22.Performatives were ntences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.
23.In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to obrve is called the Cooperative principle propod by J.Grice 24.In Austin’s How to Do Things with word, he first distinguishes performatives and constatives, later on Austin made a fresh start to distinguish Locutionary act, Illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.
.25.The type of language constructed by cond or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as interlanguage. (中山2008）
26.Interlanguage is formed when the learner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the cond language but is neither. （中山2006）
27.Error is the grammatically incorrect form; mistake appears when the
language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. （中山2008）
一年级拼音练习题28. According to Krashen’s (1985) Input hypothesis learners acquire language as a result of comprehending input addresd to them.
29. In terms of the source of errors, errors are often divided into Interlingual errors and intralingual errors.
(1) By __c_ we mean language is resourceful becau of its duality and recursiveness. （西外2006）
a. Arbitrariness
b. duality
c. creativity
d. displacement
长春好玩的地方(2) The word UN is formed in the way of ___a__. （西安交大2008）
A. acronym
B. clipping
C.initialism
D. blending
(3)Compound words consist of __c__ morphemes. （北二外2003）
A. bound
B. free
C. both bound and free
(4)Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? b（对外经贸2006）
A. WTO (acronym)
B. Motel
C. bookshelf
D. red-faced
(5)Which of the following is not a process of the lexical change? c（大连外国2008）
李白生平经历
A. Invention
B. acronym
C. lexicon
(6)_A___ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.(西交大2008）
A. Reference
B. concept
C. mantics
D. Sen
（7）_D___ is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two languages exist side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes. （天津外院2011） A. Bilingualism B. Diglossia
C. Pidgin
D. Creole
（8）____ refers to the u of a word which is thought to be less offensive or unpleasant than another word.婚纱英语
A. Taboo
B. Diglossia
C. Euphemism
D. Dialect
（9）.__C__ refers to a mixing of two codes or languages, usually without a change of topic. It can involve various levels of language, e.g. phonology, morphology, grammatical structures or lexical items.
A. Code mixing
B. restricted code
C. code switching
D. elaborated code
（10）In sociolinguistic studies, speaker are regarded as members of social groups, the social group that is singled out for any special study is called___A__.
A. the speech community
B. the linguistic group
C. the linguistic community
D. the speech variety group
（11）The speech act theory was developed by _B____. （对外经贸2006） A. John Searle B. John Austin
C. Levinson
D. G. Leech
（12）_____ is using a ntence to perform a function. (西外2006）
A. Perlocutionary act
B. an illocutionary act
C. a locutionary act
D. Speech act
（13）By saying “you have left the door wide open”, a speaker might be performing the three acts:locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutuionary_____. （西安交大2008）
A. at the same time
B. one after another
C. two first and then the other
儿童用药D. one first and then the other two
14.The illocutionary Act was developed by ___A_.（西安交大 2008）
A. John Austin
B. Levinson
C. John Lyons
D. John Searle
15.According to the conversation maxim of _B___ suggested by Grice,
one should speak truthfully. （西外2006)
A. Quantity
B. quality
C. relevance
D. manner
16.Which of the following is not one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? D
（对外经贸2006）
雁丘词原文
A. the maxim of quantity
B. the maxim of quality
C. the maxim of manner
D. the maxim of strength
17.In Krashen’s monitor theory, “I” in “i+1” hypothesis of cond language acquisition refers to ____C__. （对外经贸2006）
大连医科大学录取分数线
A. interaction
B. interference
C. input
D. intake
18. negative transfer in learning a cond language is known as __B___.
A. interference
B. interlanguage
C. fossilization
D. acculturation
19.__C__ es errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.
普通话万能模板A. error analysis
B. performance analysis
C. contrastive analysis
D. discour analysis
20._C___ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of
a cond language usually obtained in school ttings.
A. competence
B. performance
C. learning
D. acquisition
