Abstract
对心理健康的理解
带人字的诗句Tess, the heroine in Tess of the D'urbevilles, is depicted as a victim of the society. Being a beautiful, innocents honest, sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abud by the hypocritical bourgeoisie, constantly suppresd by the social comventions and moral values of the day, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of the society. Her obsolute obedience to Angel as her weakness in character but also is an inevitability in a girl of her upbringing. And most important of all, it is the poverty of the family that forces her to improper relations once and again with Alec, and finally, to his muroler and her execution. On one hand, Tess's fate is personal, becau she happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, so obedient, and so poor, and becau she happens to get involved with the two men who, though apparent rivals, actually join their forecs in bringing about her destruction. On the other hand, her fate is a social one. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to ek somewhere el for sustenance.
Analysis of major characters.
Ⅰ.Tess Durbeyfield
Tess of D’Ubervilles describes a tragedy of peasant girl-Tess-betraged and ruined by two men. Intellige
nt strikingly, and distinguished by her deep moral nsitivity and passionate intensity, Tess is indisputably the central character of the novel that bears his name. In part, Tess reprents that changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. Posssing and education that her unschooled parents lack, since she has pasd the Sixth Standard of the National Schools, Tess does not quite fit into the folk culture of her predecessors, but financial constraints keep her from rising to a higher station in life. She belongs in that higher world, however, as we discover on the first page of the novel with the news that the Durbeyfields are the surviving members of the noble and ancient family of the D’Urbervilles. There is aristocracy in Tess’s blood, visible in her graceful beauty-yet she is forced do work as a farmhand and milkmaid. When she tries to express her joy by singing lower-class folk ballads at the beginning of the third part of the novel, the do not satisfy her-she ems not quite comfortable with tho popular songs. But, on the other hand, her diction, while more polished than her mother’s, is not quite up to the level of Alec’s or Angel’s. She is in between, both socially and culturally. Thus, Tess is a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of class in nineteenth-century Britain, where cold economic realities made sheer wealth more important than inner nobility.
万里里
Beyond her social symbolism, Tess reprents fallen humanity in a religious n, as the frequent b
iblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus reprents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when-like Tess herlf after killing Prince of succumbing for which they are punished. This torment reprents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she derves.
Ⅱ. Alec D’Urberville兔子坡主要内容
Alec D’Urberville is the nemesis and downfall of Tess’s life. His first name, Alexander suggest s the conqueror-as in Alexander the Great izes what he wants regardless of moral propriety. Y et he is more slippery than a grand conqueror. His full last name, Stoke-D’urbervilles, symbolizes the split character of his family, who origins are simpler than their pretensions to grandeur. Aft er all, Stokes is a blunt and inelegant name. Indeed, the divided and duplicitous character of Ale c is evident to the very end of this novel, when he quickly abandons his newfound Christian fait h upon remeeting Tess. It is hard to believe Alec holds his religion, or anything el, sincerely. H is suppod conversion may only be a new role he is playing.
This duplicity of character is so inten in Alec, and its conquences for Tess so vere, th at he becomes diabolical. The first part of his surname conjures associations with fiery energies, as in the stoking of a furnace or the flames of hell. His devilish associations are evident when h e wields a pitchfork while addressing Tess early in the novel, and when he duces her as the rpent in Genesis duced Eve. Additionally, like the famous depiction of Satan in Milton’s Para di Lost, Alec does not try to hide his bad qualities. In fact, like Satan, he revels in them. In C hapter 12, he bluntly tells Tess, “I suppo I am a bad fellow-a damn bad fellow. I was born ba dly, and I have lived badly, and I shall die bad, in all probability.”There is frank acceptance in t his admission and no shame. Some readers feel Alec is too wicked to be believable, but, like Te ss herlf, he reprents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like Satan, A lec symbolizes the ba forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatn ess.
连雨>投诉建议Ⅲ. Angel Clare
The other hero in the novel is Angel Clare, he is a freethinking son born into the family of a pro vincial person and determined to t himlf up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers, Angel reprents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodne ss. He is a cularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,”as he tells his fath er in chapter 1伤感qq昵称
8, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical y oung nineteenth-century progressive, Angel es human society as a thing to be remolded and i mproved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and ts off in arch of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his distain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charis ma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays.
As his name-in French, clo to “Bright Angel”-suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but flo ats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather tha n burns and that he is clor to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passi onate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature”or “Demeter.”Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and bloo d woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied t o actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s.
Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and onl y then he realizes has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he brought down to Eart天下大治
h. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who i nstructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life
