辛丑条约（Boxer Protocol）
Overview of treaty
"Treaty of 1901", also known as the "Boxer States Peace Treaty", the "Beijing Protocol", China is the Qing government and the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Spain and Holland, the failure of the Boxer Movement after the allied forces invaded Beijing signed a peace agreement. Regarded as one of a ries of unequal treaties signed by China since the first Opium war. The treaty was signed in twenty-ven years Guangxu (1901) July 25th, 1901, named the Treaty of 1901. Yang Li in September 7th, so there is a "97 national humiliation" said.
Treaty Brief
"Treaty of 1901" or "Boxer Protocol" or "Boxer States Peace Treaty" at the end of nineteenth Century the imperialist competition and carve up the China, China caud the unprecedented national crisis. This n of crisis has contributed to the awakening of people, salvation became the most urgent request. In 1898, the reform movement of the bourgeois reformists failed, and in 1900, the vigorous anti imperialist patriotic Boxer Movement with peasant as its main body broke out. Since the Boxer Uprising started in Shandong, it has rapidly developed into Zhili, Tianjin and Beijing, causing panic amo
ng imperialist powers. They decided to nd troops to suppress the Boxer Rebellion in their own hands. Britain, the United States, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Austria and other eight nations allied forces invaded China and invaded Beijing in August. The Empress Dowager Ci Xi
and his cronies carrying the emperor from Xi'an run away in panic. The Qing Dynasty was forced to ek harmony with imperialism.
出类拔萃
Historical process浮力课件
Japan, France, Germany, Italy and Russia, with the participation of the Allied Powers of the eight powers, have the idea of dividing the Chine territory. And Russia is trying to gain territory in Northeast China by other treaties. Britain and the United States take commercial interests as the priority. They hope to keep the door open and uneasy about the ambitions of Japan and russia. The final agreement, does not require the Qing government to cede territory, but only require huge reparations.
At that time, the Qing government had proposals to move the capital to the mainland (Xi'an) to continue fighting with the Allied forces. But at that time the Qing government had virtually no reliable army. The boxers have been defeated, and the governors of the southern provinces of Shandong ha
ve already reached local agreements with foreign countries as early as the Boxer Rebellion, defying the Qing government's decision to support the boxer. So the Qing government decided to sign the treaty to prerve itlf.
In October 1900, France first propod to punish the culprit, indemnity, the demolition of Dagu Fort six, as a basis for negotiations with the Qing government. The ministers meetings should be supplemented and modified in December 24th 11 (the addition of Belgium, Spain and Holland) jointly propod to the
Qing court "and" outline 12. The Qing government fully accepted. 1901 (Guangxu twenty-ven years) in September 7th, Yikuang, Li Hongzhang Plenipotentiary of the Qing government, and the 11 countries signed in Beijing a "Boxer States Peace Treaty", referred to as the "Treaty of 1901" (named for this year is the year of 1901).
7的英语单词
The official name of the agreement for Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Great, Britain, Italy, Japan, Netherland, Russia, Spain, United States and China Final Protocol for the Settlement of the Disturbances of 1900 "(the final agreement on compensation for the turmoil in 1900 and eleven in China). The original text is bad on french. In international law, becau China does not recogniz
吃人族e a formal engagement with other countries, the incident stems from the boxer rebellion. This treaty only belongs to an agreement, not a peace treaty.
Main content and influence
关汉卿简介>迈阿密风云电影"Treaty of 1901" a total of 12 models, and 19 annexes, the main contents are:
1. reparations. China claims silver 4.5 twenty million, 39 years to pay off, 4 per cent per annum, interest totaling 9.8 million taels, by the customs, tax, tariff and tax guarantee often.
2. delineation of Embassy area. The Beijing East Cross lane was designated as the embassy district and became a state of the middle kingdom". In the region, Chine people are not allowed to live, and countries can garrison troops.
3. dismantle the fort and stay in the army.
怎么做萝卜干
Dismantle all the forts in Dagu and the obstruction of the Beijing to the a. The imperialist powers can garrison troops in 12 places along the railway from Shanhaiguan to Beijing.
4. stress the commitment of the Qing government to suppress the struggle against imperialism. Th
e Chine people are forbidden to t up or join any organizations that are "enemies of the States" and are to be executed. Provincial officials must ensure the safety of the foreigners, or stand to dismissal, never hired. Where there is an anti imperialist struggle, 5 years of civil and military examinations will be suspended.
5. of Germany and Japan "apology". The Qing government assigned the prince and minister to Germany and Japan to express their regret, and established a memorial archway in the place where German Minister Clinnt was killed.
6. punish officials who have joined the boxer uprising. From the central to the local, there are more than 100 officials imprisoned, exiled and executed.
7. establishment of the Ministry of foreign affairs. Changed the prime minister Yamen to the Ministry of foreign affairs, and ranked the first of the six departments, becoming the special agency for the Qing government to negotiate with the great powers.
Signing of the "treaty", caud rious harm to China:
A huge indemnity is unprecedented powers to China large-scale extortion payment; this compensati
on, the Qing government to arch for people, make people's life more Chine poverty, social economy more.
Two, the embassy circle established in Beijing is actually a "country of the Middle States", and is the stronghold of imperialist planning to invade china. The foreign invaders controlled the area of Beijing and Tianjin so that the Qing government was completely under the control of the armed forces, so that the invaders could be nt directly to suppress the anti imperialist struggle of the Chine people.
Three, in accordance with the provisions of the treaty, the Qing government officials verely suppresd the Chine people's anti imperialist struggle, and further became an imperialist accomplice.
Four, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall facilitate the Qing government to implement the traitorous foreign policy according to the intention of the foreign invaders.
我的英雄作文
"Treaty" is the modern history of China claims the largest number, the most rious loss of sovereignty, the spirit of the deepest humiliation, which brought unprecedented disaster Chine's unequal treaties. Established the status of the Qing government as the loyal lackey of the capitalist p
owers, and from then on, the Qing government became a tool for the capitalist powers to rule china. Its signing marks the complete decline of China as a mi colonial and mi feudal society.
