2002 Text 1
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1、If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. 如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。 1.1 identify英/aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/ 美/aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ/vt. 确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同；一致
2、Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. 你的幽默必须与听众有关，能够向他们显示你是他们的一员，或者你了解他们的情况，同情他们的观点。
2.1 sympathy英/'sɪmpəθɪ/ 美/'sɪmpəθi/n. 同情；慰问；赞同
3、Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. 根据与你谈话的不同对象，问题也有所不同。 4.2 cretary英/ˈkrətrɪ/ 美/'sɛkrətɛrɪ/n. 秘书；书记；部长；大臣
4、If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their cretaries; alternatively if you are addressing cretaries, you may want to comment on their disorgan
ized boss. 如果你在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法紊乱；相反，如果你在和一群秘书谈话，你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法紊乱。
4.1 disorganized英/dis'ɔ:ɡənaizd/ 美/dɪs'ɔrɡənaɪzd/adj. 紊乱的；无组织的
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1、Here is an example, which I heard at a nurs' convention, of a story which works well becau the audience all shared the same view of doctors. 下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。
2、A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He es wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. 一个人到了天堂，由圣彼得带着他参观。他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。 2.1 accommodation英/əkɒmə'deɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/ə,kɑmə'deʃən/n. 住处，膳宿；调节；和解；预订铺位
生活习惯英文
3、Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himlf. 所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善，然而当这位新来的人在排队等
候午餐时，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。 3.1 grab英/græb/ 美/ɡræb/n. 攫取；霸占；夺取之物vt. 攫取；霸占；将…深深吸引vi. 攫取；夺取
3.2 stomp英/stɒmp/ 美/stɑmp/n. 跺脚，重踩；顿足爵士舞vt. 跺脚，重踩；践踏
小朋友的祝福语4、"Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." “这是谁啊？”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”
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1、If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. 如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。
1.1 appropriate英/əˈprəʊprɪeɪt/美/ əˈproprɪet/adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的vt. 占用，拨出
1.2 inedible英/ɪn'edɪb(ə)l/ 美/ɪn'ɛdəbl/adj. 不能吃的make a passing remark顺便说一句
1.3 canteen英/kæn'tiːn/ 美/kænˈtiːn/n. 食堂，小卖部；水壶
1.4 notorious英/nə(ʊ)'tɔːrɪəs/ 美/no'tɔrɪəs/adj. 声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的
1.5 tie英/taɪ/ 美/taɪ/n. 领带；平局；鞋带；领结；不分胜负vi. 打结；不分胜负；被用带（或绳子等）系住vt. 系；约束；打结；与…成平局
2、With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will rent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. 而对于其他听众，你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默，因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。
2.1 rent英/rɪ'zent/ 美/rɪ'zɛnt/vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶
2.2 disparaging英/dɪ'spærɪdʒɪŋ/ 美/dɪs'pærɪdʒɪŋ/v. 蔑视（disparage的ing形式）adj. 毁谤的；轻蔑的
3、You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. 如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊，那你就会很安全。
3.1 scapegoat英/'skeɪpgəʊt/美/'skepɡot/n. 替罪羊，替人顶罪者；替身vt. 使成为…的替罪羊
3.2 stick英/stɪk/美/stɪk/n. 棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人vi. 坚持；伸出；粘住vt. 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴Paragraph 4
1、If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. 如果你在幽默时感到很别扭，你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。
1.1 awkward英/'ɔːkwəd/ 美/'ɔkwɚd/adj. 尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合适的
2、Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. 包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。
2.1 casual英/'kæʒjʊəl; -zj-/ 美/'kæʒʊəl/n. 便装；临时工人；待命士兵adj. 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的 2.2 apparently英/ə'pærəntlɪ/ 美/ə'pærəntli/adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上
2.3 cuff英/kʌf/ 美/kʌf/n. 袖口，裤子翻边；手铐；一巴掌vt. 给…上袖口；用巴掌打；给…带上手铐vi. 殴斗，拳击off-the-cuff英/'ɔfðə'kʌf, 'ɔ:-/ 美/'ɔfðə'kʌf/adj. 即席的
2.4 deliver英/dɪ'lɪvə/ 美/dɪ'lɪvɚ/n. 投球vt. 交付；发表；递送；释放；给予（打击）；给…接生vi. 实现；传送；履行；投递
2.5 unforced英/ʌn'fɔːst/ 美/ʌn'fɔrst/adj. 自然的；不勉强的v. 非被强迫（unforce的过去分词）manner英/'mænə/ 美/'mænɚ/n. 方式；习惯；种类；规矩；风俗
3、Often it's the delivery which caus the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raid eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。 3.1 light-hearted adj. 轻松的；无忧无虑的
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1、Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. 留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。 1.1 unexpected英/ʌnɪk'spektɪd; ʌnek-/ 美/'ʌnɪk'spɛktɪd/adj. 意外的，想不到的
2、A twist on a familiar quote"If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation.它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功，就放弃”，或者是玩弄语言和情景。
2.1 twist/twɪst/美/twɪst/n. 扭曲；拧；扭伤vt. 捻；拧；扭伤；编织；使苦恼vi. 扭动；弯曲
2.2 quote英/kwəʊt/ 美/kwot/n. 引用vi. 报价；引用；引证vt. 报价；引述；举证
3、Search for exaggeration and understatement s. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or ntences which you can turn about and inject with humor.留意夸张和打折扣的话。考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些词汇和句子，颠倒它们的秩序，并注入一些幽默。
3.1 exaggeration英/ɪg,zædʒə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/ɪɡ,zædʒə'reʃən/n. 夸张；夸大之词；夸张的手法
3.2 understatement英/ʌndə'steɪtm(ə)nt; 'ʌndə-/ 美/'ʌndɚstetmənt/n. 保守的陈述；不充分的陈述；有保留的陈述 3.3 inject英/ɪn'dʒekt/ 美/ɪn'dʒɛkt/vt. 注入；注射
2002 Text 2
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1、Being a man（动名词短语做主语）has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. （做男人总是充满危险，出生时男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成熟期，这一比例几乎持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，但是男性死亡率普遍偏高这种情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率几乎同女婴一样高.）
1.1 名词（短语）、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）、从句、It形式主语、代词（短语）可做主语
1.2 rate比率ripe成熟的（植物，时机）mature成熟的（人，时机）maturity成熟
1.3 universal普遍的，普遍现象univer宇宙mortality死亡数，死亡率immortal [ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l]永垂不朽的
1.4 survive 幸存下来，活下来survival skills生存技能
2、This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in tho crucial years when they are arching for a mate.（这就意味着男孩到了寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩现象.）
2.1 crucial重要的；决定性的，关键的mate配偶，伙伴match 匹配matching position 相匹配的职位excess额外的，超额，过剩，过多global excess demand全球过量需求
3、More important, another chance for natural lection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.（更重要的是, 又一次自然选择的机会不复存在了.50年前，婴儿（尤其是男婴）存活的机会取决于体重，过轻或过重几乎意味着必死无疑.）
3.1remove使消除,remove the misunderstanding between the two peoples消除两国人民之间的误解
3.2certain必然的/某些I felt certain that I`d pasd the test. 我感觉自己肯定通过这次测验了.By certain signs we may presage of heats and rains. 根据某些迹象，我们可以预告酷热和下雨.
3.3 uncertainty 不确定性There is a great deal of uncertainty about the company`s future. 公司的前景有很多未知因素. Times of great change are also times of uncertainty. 发生巨大变革的时期也是动荡的时期.
4、Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. （今日体重几乎不起什么作用，因为大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了.）
4.1 variation变化（vary变化）due to=owing to=becau of因为
4.2 agent 代理（人，商）sales agent销售代理exclusive agent独家代理natural lection自然选择evolutionism [,i:və'lu:ʃənizəm]进化论evolution进化
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1、There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15
children. 进化自杀还有另一种方法：存活，但少生孩子. 现在没有几个人像过去那样具有旺盛的生育力. 除了在一些宗教社区之外，没有几名妇女有15个孩子.
1.1 fertile富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的Anything grows in this fertile ground. 这片肥沃的土地上长什么都行.
风度翩翩造句2、Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural lection to take advantage of it have diminished. 当今婴儿出生的数量同死亡年龄一样已趋于平均
化，我们多数人的子女数量大致相同. 人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再一次减少.
2.1 offspring=descendant子孙后代All the land that you e I will give to you and your offspring forever. 凡你所看见的一切地，我都要赐给你和你的后裔，直到永远.
2.2 diminish减少，时间少Time will not diminish our friendship. 时间的流逝将不会减弱我们的友谊.
2.3 make the best u of 充分利用You will make the best u of spare time every day and reinforce your memory. 你可以最大程度地利用每天的空闲时光，还可以强化你的记忆力.
3、India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. 印度可以说明正在发生的一切.这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落民族以贫困.
3.1 poverty ['pɒvətɪ]贫困rich/poor富裕/贫穷Millions of elderly people live in poverty . 数百万老年人生活在贫困之中.We need an effective strategy to fight poverty . 我们需要制定一个有效的对策来与贫困作斗争.
3.2tribal ['traɪb(ə)l]部落的，种族的The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities. 那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂烈冲突弄得四分五裂.
3.3 remaining剩下的，剩余的the remaining colonies of Spain西班牙剩余的殖民地colony殖民地
火星语4、The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring —means that natural lection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着与部落相比较，自然选择在印度中、上层已经失去了80％的效力.
4.1mediocrity[miːdɪ'ɒkrɪtɪ]平庸之才；平常Great Hall of the People人民大会堂
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1、For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. 对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束；生物学上的乌托邦已经降临.
1.1 Utopia [ju:'təupiə]乌托邦（理想中最美好的社会）；理想国
2.1 origin of species物种起源
2、Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. 奇怪的是，这一过程几乎丝毫没有牵涉到身体上的变化，没有其他物种充斥着自然中如此多的空间.
3、But in the past 100,000 years — even the past 100 years — our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, becau machines and society did it for us. 但在过去的10万年——甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变.我们没有进化.因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切.
4、Darwin had a phra to describe tho ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." 达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”.
4.1 words and phras[frɑ(a):z]单词和短语ignorant无知的ignorance无知，愚昧organic being 生命有机体organism ['ɔːg(ə)nɪz(ə)m]有机体；生物体；微生物savage野人wholly完全的，全部beyond one's comprehension 远非某人所能理解的beyond ones dream做梦都想不到
5、No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 毫无疑问，我们将记住20世纪的生活方式，尽管对其丑陋之处不得其解，但是，不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到有多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少.
5.1 no doubt毋庸臵疑however=no matter how无论多么We are amazed at his performance.我们惊讶于他的表现.
2002 Text3
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1、Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? （过去经济衰落的糟糕日子会不会重来？）
1.1 the bad old days 以前不好的日子rule of conduct 行为规范 1.2 be about to do=be going to do 将供电方案
戴季陶
要as/since/for/becau 因为由于 1.3 moral decline 道德衰退on the decline 走下坡路
2、Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.（自从石油输出国组织在3月同意减少原油供应, 原油的价格已经从去年12月的不到10美元一桶上升到约26美元一桶.） 2.1 OPEC石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）APEC亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）
2.2 supply-cuts=cut the supply 削减供应cut=reduce 削减, 供应supply and demand 供应和需求
3、This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.（这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年的恐慌, 当时油价上涨了4倍；以及1979―1980年的那一次, 当时的油价也上涨了近3倍）
3.1 double两倍triple三倍quadruple[kwɑ'drupl]四倍
3.2 oil shock油荒electricity [ɪ'lɛk'trɪsəti] shock电荒labor shock用工荒poor/excellent/outstanding performance糟糕的/优异的表现The performance of U.S. economy is satisfactory.
3.3 call up scary memories唤起了我们伤心的记忆scar伤疤scary可怕的, 引起恐慌的
4、Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.（前两次的石油恐慌都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退）
二年级数学奥数4.1previous=past以前的The previous three decades has witnesd dramatic changes in our country. dramatic[drə'mætɪk] 戏剧的；急剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的
4.2 result in=lead to=give ri to=bring about=contribute to 导致, 造成
4.3 Her negligence contributed to the accident. negligence ['nɛɡlɪdʒəns]疏忽
4.4膨胀double-digit inflation两位数的通货膨胀inflation [ɪn'fleʃən]
5、So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?（那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢？）
5.1 gloom and doom=bad days厄运, 悲惨，郁闷gloomy黑暗的，郁闷的doom 宿命，命中注定
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1、The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.（本周伊拉克暂停石油出口，这又一次推动着油价上扬）
指示植物
1.1 suspended=stop [sə'spendid] 停止 1.2 被动语态翻译的时候不能有被字.
2、Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.（加快经济发展，随着北半球进入严冬，有可能在短期内使石油价格进一步上涨） 2.1 主语的形式1）动名词2）不定式3）从句4）it形式主语5）名词和代词
2.2 strong强壮的, strength n.力量，力气, strengthen v.动词
2.3 in the short/long term 短/长期内long-term effect/development/prospect 长期的效果/发展/前景
2.4 grape葡萄grip 抓牢still 进一步at the same time同时north, south, east and west
2.5 northern hemisphere ['hemɪsfɪə] 北半球sphere地球，球体，领域globe地球global 全球的Paragraph 3
1、Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic conquences now to be less vere than in the 1970s.（然而，我们有充分的理由预期这次油价暴涨带来的经济影响不会像70年代那么严重）
1.1 there are good reasons to expect that…我们有充分的理由预期…vere conquence 严重的后果
1.2 less vere 不那么严重more vere更严重verity 严重性The general public should be made aware of the verity of such practices.我们应该使人们认识到这种情况的严重性
2、In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s.（现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额比70年代要小很多.）
2.1 share 份额proportion 比例percentage 百分比petrol汽油
2.2 account for对…负有责任/做出解释导致；占（比例）Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial [kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l] electricity consumption [kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n].电脑占了这个国家商业用电的5%.
3、In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of
