Reason and revolution:
Benjamin Franklin-the only good American author before the Revolutionary War/founded Junto,a club for informal discussion of science, economic and political ideas/found the university of Pennsylvania/inventions: lighting rod,stove,bifocal glass, printing press,armonica/rved in the Continental Congress/aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence/his neswerpaper:Philadelphis Gazette./magazine:Gernaral Magazine./His shadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation./Biographical Introduction.席慕容诗集
Poor Richard’s almanac
Romanticism:
qq微云Washington Irving-the first great pro stylist of American romanticism/the apparent ea of his writing in not simply that of the gifted amateur; it results from his purpoful identification of his whole personality with what he wrote/his enthusiasm for the current European romanticism enabled him to combine the with his independents literary personality and American root/he was the first great belletrist, writing always for pleasure/the didactic and utilitarian had formerly prevailed/write good history and biography as literary entertainment/his influence abroad, as writer,visitor,diplomat,was that
of a gifted cultural ambassador/the only American writer of his generation who could chide the British in an atmosphere of good humor/producing the Salmagundi paper/In 1836 he made his home at Sunnyside, near Tarrytown, so lovingly described years as “Sleepy Hollow” The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is—along with “Rip Van Winkle”—his most lasting artistic achievement.
Jonathan Oldstyle: satires of New York life/A History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker/Bracebridge Hall/social comedy: Charles the Second/the Merry Monarch/the
Alhambra/Life of George Washington
形容期盼的成语
James Fenimore Cooper- two kinds of stories: the a adventure tale and the frontier saga (Leatherstocking Tales: the Deerslayer, the last of the Mohivans, the Pathfinder, the Pioneers, the Prairie)/He made the American conscious of his past and the European conscious of America)/Smith’s question: who reads an American book?-Irving, Cooper, Bryant, Poe.
The spy
Edgar Allan Poe-in 1833, he won a contest wit his story “Ms.Found in a Bottle” in 1833/editor with the Southern Literary Mesnger in Richmond, Graham’s Magazine, Burton’s Gentleman’s
卡通儿童
Magazine (The Fall of the Hou of Usher first appeared)/his first collection of short stories, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, appeared in 1840/ Ralph Waldo Emerson-was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England/the leader of the movement/His first book-Nature/The American Scholar and the Divinity School Address/most important works: Reprentation Men, English Traits/his harsh rhythms and striking images appeal to many modern readers as artful technique/his unit of thought is generally the ntence rather than the paragraph/our intellectual Declaration of Independence/Free should be the scholar-free and brave.
Henry David Thoreau-Emerson’s trust disciple/For Thoreau, as for Emerson, lf-reliance and independence of mind ranked above all. From Walden
Nathaniel Hawthorne-The Hou of the Seven Gables: deals with the effects of cur/his material by obrving and listening to others/he reveals the depth of his concern with the dark side of the Puritanism, the harshness and the percutions/Moss from an old man/Surveyor of the Port Salem/a consular position in Liverpool/Rome: where he found the inspiration for his novel The Marble Faun/his gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature/In “Ethan Brand”
a marble heart stands for pride and isolation from one’s fellow men/”Young Goodman Brown “us the background of witchcraft to explore uncertainties of belief that trouble a man’s heart and mind/ “Dr.Heidegger’s Experiment”and “The Ambitious Guest” have symbolic and legendary qualities.“The Great Stone Face” is another of his allegorical stories. ‘the largest brain with the largest heart” in American Literature-Melville/Poe was concerned with the immediate emotional effects of literature and often emed indifferent to investigations of value or morality. To Hawthorne and Melville, the telling of a tale, was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life.
Herman Melville-A whaling ship,he said ,was “my Yale College and my
Harvard”/At twenty-two he signed for a voyage on the whaler Acushnet /Typee was a romanticized account of his stay among the Polynesians/was knows as the “man who lived among cannibals”/Omoo about his adventures on Tahiti and other islands/Melville bad Bedburn on his first voyage to England /White-Jacket on his brief career in the navy/his naval experience again for Billy Budd/The forces,together with the combined influences of his reading of Shakespeare and his association with Hawthorne helped Moby Dick to escape the romantic travel-tale mold of his earlier works and to become a unique and enduring work/The fitting symbol for his theme was the “gliding great demon of the as of life”/ regarded as “a shredded Shakespearean play” by Van Wyck/Mardi:
had “depths here and there that compel a man to swim for his life”/short stories:Bartleby the Scrivener/Benito Cereno and Billy Budd(ship as symbol of society and archingly examines the problems of good and evil.
Realism:
Walt Whitman-one of the greatest innovators in American literature/his work “Leaves of Grass” gave American its first genuine epic poem/his only contact with the Eastern religions or with German Transcendentalists,who ideas he frequently ud in his poetry was what he had read of them in the writings of Emerson/he supported Jackson’s Democratic Party/favored the exclusion of slavery from new states/most of his poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature,some about New York(he rved as a male nur in Civil War,he combined the ideal of the democratic common man and that of the fugged individuals./free ver:poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.
上古神鸟
Emily Dickinson-illustrated the fact that one could take a single houhold and an inactive life,and make enchanting poetry out of it/whimsical ,darting ver/write about love,nature,morality and immorality ,success and failure. Harriet Beecher Stowe
Mark Twain-(Samuel Langhorne Clemens)/career: a licend pilot in 1859, an army volunteer, gold p
rospector, timber speculator/while working for the Virginia City, Territorial Enterpri,he adopted the pudonym笔名“Mark Twain”(the way of a boatman taking soundings and meaning two fathoms, twelve feet./his first book: Jumping Frog./major literary success：Innocent Abroad/in 1898,h wrote three works expressing his pessimism: The Man that Corrupted Hadlebury.the philosophizing treati what is man? The
Mysterious Stranger
His most famous works: The Adventure of Tome Sawyer/Roughing it /The Gilded Age/Life on the Mississippi/Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.
Henry James-his first novel: Watch and Ward in the Atlantic/the American: with its “international theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity European life/Daisy Miller: which one American critic described as “an outrage to American girlhood” but which brought James his first international fame’ The Portrait of a Lady, the finest example of his early work/cond period work:Bonstonians/the Princess Casamassima,the Tragic Mu/last novels: the wing of the Dove/the ambassadors/the golden bowl(exemplify the mature and formidable style of a third literary period, which critics have come to prai as “the major pha”/he made major contributions to the art of ficti
on itlf, helping to transform the novel from its alliances with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art from of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himlf defined as the highest form of experience.
Jack London-his sincere intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist movement in recorded in The People of the Abyss, The Iron Heel, The War of the Class. Revolution-deeply felt commitment to the fundamental reality of the law of survive/realizes the idea of the “superman”/The contradiction between the competing beliefs is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel Martin Eden/within two years, by the time he published his first collection of stories. the son of the wolf ,he was on his way to becoming the highest paid author of his time/by his twenty-venth birthday the call of the wild hade made him rich/he his subjects: astral projection星体投射,agronomy农学,penal reform 刑法改革warfare, struggle of strong and week individuals in the context of irresistible natural forces such as the wild a and the arctic wastes/he was fascinated by the way violence tested and defined human character/ Theodore Dreir-his first novel: G.w.Hurstwood (becau it ud strong language and ud names of living persons, it was suppresd by its publishers/early period work: Nigger Jeff and Butcher Rogaum’s Daughter/Jennie Gerhardt: the first of long succession of books what marked his turn to writing as a full-time career)/i
n The Financier ,The Titan ,and The Stoic, he shifted from the pathos of helpless protagonists to the power of tho unusual individuals who assume dominant roles in business and
酒后诗
祝学生的祝福语society/men of high xual energy were autobiographical novel The “Genius”/The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreir’s greatest and most successful novel, An American Tragedy/Dreir Looks at Russia
Twentieth-century:
Ezra Pound-
Edwin Arlington Robinson
非常反义词Robert Frost
F.Scott Fitzgerald
Life on the Mississippi Characters
Mark Twain
Mark Twain, the narrator of Life on the Mississippi is the main character and, indeed, the character who ties the narrative together. Growing up as a young boy in Hannibal, Missouri, located on the Mississippi River, Twain watched steamboats go by with envy and desire to become one of the men who worked on them. As he got older, he eventually got the idea to go explore the Amazon on a boat. However, it was too early for that; so he took a job training to become a pilot on a steamship, under an experienced man named Bixby. Twain writes the narrative from an older perspective, poking fun at his younger lf, whom he describes as inexperienced, naive, and slightly puffed-up about what he already knew about the river. Later, Twain returns to the river twenty-one years after his first training, trying to be incognito
The Portrait of a Lady Theme of
