chapter 7
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given:
1. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c_________.
2. Speech v_________ refers to any distinguishable form of speech ud by a speaker or group of speakers.
3. From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a d_________ variety of a language.
4. Language standardization is also called language p_________.
5. Social variation gives ri to s_________ which are subdivisible into smaller speech categories that reflect their socioeconomic, educational, occupational background, etc.
6. S_________ variation in a person’s speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.
7. A regional dialect may gain status and become standardized as the national or o_________ language of a country.
8. The standard language is a s_________, socially prestigious dialect of language.
9. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, or v_________ languages.
10. A pidgin typically lacks in i_________ morphemes.
11. Linguistic taboo reflects s_________ taboo.
12. The avoidance of using taboo language mirrors social attitudes, emotions and value judgments and has no l_________ basis.
13.The four-letter words like “hell”, “shit” in English are called_________ .
14.The process from pidgin to Creole is called .
15.The term _________was first put forward by linguist Feuguson.
16. _________is the type of British Standard English pronunciation which has been regarded as the prestige variety and which shows no regional variation.
沧浪之水小说>气象标志17.British educational sociologist_________ first made the distinction between elaborated code and restricted code.
18. _________is a neutral term, and it can be ud instead of regional dialect, social dialect, or pidgin.
19.Linguist _________published his paper “The social stratification of English in New York City” in 1966.
20.L.L. Zamenhof invented the artificial language .
21.Gumperz divided code switching into situational code switching and_________.
22. _________is the language system of an individual as expresd by the way he or she
speaks or writes within the overall system of a particular language.
美丽的一天
Ⅲ.There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
1. _______ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language u in different speech ommunities.
公司开业庆典A. Psycholinguistics B. Sociolinguistics红楼梦第二回读书笔记
C. Historical linguistics D. General linguistics
2. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _____.
A. u of words B. u of structures C. accent D. morphemes
3. ____ is speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from.
A. Regional variation B. Language variation C. Social variation D. Register variation
4. _______ are the major source of regional variation of language.
A. Geographical barriers B. Loyalty to and confidence in one’s native speech
C. Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to change D. Social barriers
5. _________ means that certain authorities, such as the government choo, a particular speech variety, standardize it and spread the u of it across regional boundaries.
诸圣节
A. Language interference B. Language changes
C. Language planning D. Language transfer
6. _________ in a person’s speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.
A. Regional variation B. Changes in emotions海鲜鸡蛋羹
C. Variation in connotations D. Stylistic variation
7. A ____ is a variety of language that rves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diver linguistic backgrounds.
A. lingua franca B. register C. Creole D. national language
8. Although _______ are simplified languages with reduced grammatical features, they are rule-governed, like any human language.
A. vernacular languages B. creoles C. pidgins D. sociolects尿床怎么办
