高考英语写作备考：巧用被动语态，提升书面表达
被动语态是英语中一个很重要的语法点，是地道英语的一种重要表达方式。认识、掌握并恰当使用被动语态，在高考书面表达中有着重大的意义。
Step 1 真题感知
1. （2020·全国甲卷）
Last weekend， my classmates and I participated in a picking activity on the Dongshan Farm， which turned out to be meaningful and unforgettable.
Founded in the 1950s， the farm is famous and attractive， covered with a variety of fruits and colorful flowers. Many animals are raid there as well. We were divided into veral groups in advance. Some filled in the baskets and others carried them to the truck. What a busy scene！ We had a short break after lunch and then went on working until 5：00 pm. At about 6：30 pm， we all arrived home， exhausted but happy.
Its through this activity that I have realized how important teamwork is. I will benefit from this experience forever.
2. （2019·全国丙卷）
保理商Dear Allen，
How’s it going？ I’m writing to invite you to take part in our coming Music Festival.
The Festival will be celebrated on June 16 in our school hall. As scheduled， it will begin at 9 am and go on to 12 am. If you’re prent， you will enjoy wonderful Chine folk songs and Western music will be performed by our teachers and schoolmates. Since you’re an expert in theatrical performances， were happy to have you to sing and dance on the show. If you agree to come， your performances， together with other performances， will be put on the list to let the audience know ahead of time.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
以上都是从满分范文中选取的代表作。在这两篇文章中，被动语态正确且恰当的使用，让文章整体读起来流畅、自然。
Step 2 语法提点
语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的实施者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者，以下主要讲述语态中的被动语态。
一、 谓语动词的被动语态
结构
用法举例社团宣传海报
1. 用被动语态将动作的承受者作为要表达的中心。吃冬瓜的好处
The meeting has been rescheduled becau of the outbreak of COVID19.
Many of the school records were broken in school meeting held last week.
You have to choo another way becau the road is still being repaired.
2. 为了礼貌起见，避免提到动作的执行者。
Little Tom had been warned again not to be late， but he didn’t listen.
My salary hasn’t been paid yet.
肝不好怎么养3. 为了变换句型，让文章的表达丰富、生动，避免单调、无聊，吸引读者读下去。
He put his laundry in the washing machine， and hurried to work， but when he came back， the laundry had been washed and hung on the balcony. It must have been done by his mother. At that time， his heart was filled with love and happiness.
4. 为了让上下文自然、流畅，丰富句型，增加可读性。
Coca Cola was invented by a pharmacist named John Pemberton， who original recip
e contained cocaine. That is why the drink was named Coca Cola. Today， Coca Cola is a global brand that is consumed by millions of people around the world.
5. 提升文章表达。
You’re welcome to be prent at the yearly paper cutting exhibition. It is often held on October 1st， running for a week. Thousands of visitors are attracted to the show every year， for they’re more available during the National Day holiday to enjoy the big event.
二、 非谓语动词的被动语态
结构
用法举例
1. 用to be done表示将来要被进行的动作。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music show to be held next Saturday.
2. 用having been done强调该动作先于主句动作，并对主句动作造成一定的影响。
Having been introduced to Sichuan food many times， he decided to have a taste.
3. 用being done表示正在被进行的动作。
gprofHow I wish you could go with me to the Science Expo being held at the Exhibition Center， where a variety of the latest cutting edge technologies are being exhibited. I believe it would be an exciting experience.
4. 用done表示已经被完成的动作。
Now， its very convenient for pasngers to collect tickets booked online. At the airport， the train station and the bus station， many printing machines are planted there， offering convenient ticket printing rvice.
Step 3 单句过手
1. （2020·全国乙卷）Mr Li ， including me. With thick glass， eyes 美好的诗句 with wisdom and mild nature， he is a genuine scholar.
东南方五行属什么
李老师在学生中备受尊敬，包括我。他戴着一副厚厚的眼镜，眼里充满了智慧和温和，是一个真正的学者。
2. （2020·全国乙卷）Unfortunately， I 网络热点事件 when my mind drifted away.不幸的是，当我走神的时候，我被邀请分享我的看法。
3. （2020·全国丙卷）The play in our English textbook.
这部戏剧是依据我们英语课本上一个故事改编的。
4. （2019·全国乙卷）Having known a Chine Painting Exhibition by the local art gallery， I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer.
了解到当地美术馆将举办中国画展，我写信来申请当一名志愿者。
5.（2019·全国甲卷）I’m writing to tell you a piece of news that a volleyball game
on the playground this Friday afternoon.
我寫信来告诉你一个消息，这周五下午学校运动场将举行一场排球比赛。
