木仓医学考研复试
SCI长难句
肝胆胃肠外科第一章-肝细胞恶性肿瘤Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cau of cancer--related deaths worldwide,and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of its leading caus.During the past veral years,next-generation quencing studies using bulk tumor samples have revealed considerable intratumor molecular and genetic heterogeneity in HCC.Such intratumor heterogeneity pos a great challenge for tumor characterization and therapeutic management of HCC patients.As is well known,tumor initiation and evolution are mediated by quential genetic alterations in single cells.Single-cell quencing has the potential to provide new insights into cancer bio-logical diversity that were difficult to resolve in genomic data from bulk tumor samples.海底世界课文
在全球范围内导致癌症相关死亡的原因中，肝细胞癌(HCC)位列第三，而乙型肝炎病毒感染是其重要病因之一。在过去的几年中，二代测序技术对肿瘤组织团块的分析揭示了肝细胞癌中大量的瘤内分子异质性和遗传异质性。这种瘤内异质性问题给肝细胞癌患者的肿瘤定性和治疗管理带来了巨大挑战。众所周知，肿瘤的发生和发展是由单细胞的基因序列改变所导致的。单细胞测序将有助于人们深入了解癌症的生物多样性，而这是肿瘤组织团块的基因组数据分析所难以解决的。知识点总结：
1hepatocellular adj.肝细胞的
2hepat（o）-前缀，肝
3hepatitis n.肝炎
润玉是谁演的
4bulk n.大多数
5intratumor n.瘤内
6heterogeneity n.异质性
7hetero-前缀，不同的
8po v.造成
9mediate v.调解
木仓医学考研复试
SCI长难句
藏族的风俗肝胆胃肠外科第二章-肝脏手术新方法Posthepatectomy liver failure is the most vere complication after major hepatectomies and it is associated with an insufficient future liver remnant(FLR).Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation(PVL) has recently been described as a revolutionary strategy to induce a rapid and large FLR volume increa.We aim to describe our surgical technique,patient management,and preliminary results with this new two-stage approach.
术后肝衰竭是肝大部切除术后最严重的并发症，主要与残余肝脏体积（FLR）的不足有关。最近，联合肝脏分割和门静脉结扎（PVL）被认为是一种革命性的治疗方式，可诱导残余肝脏体积快速大量增加。我们旨在介绍我们的手术技术、病人管理模式以及这种两步走的新术式的初步结果。
知识点总结：
1posthepatectomy n.肝切除术后
2post-前缀，后，以后
3hepatectomy n.肝脏切除术
4hepat（o）-前缀，肝
5future liver remnant（FLR）残余肝脏体积
6portal vein ligation（PVL）门静脉结扎
"Prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation using lamivudine
怎样清洗洗衣机
木仓医学考研复试
SCI长难句
肝胆胃肠外科第三章-肝移植
Liver transplantation(LT)for hepatitis B virus(HBV)is followed by a high rate(80%)of HBV recurrence post-LT in the abnce of prophylaxis；and recurrent infection is frequently aggressive,causing graft loss failure and patient death.Among the patients with HBV-related cirrhosis,the risk of HBV recurrence is the greatest in highly viremic patients.Marzano et al.have described a linear correlation between recurrence and viral load at the time of surgery.In one of the largest single-center studies,overall patient survival rates in patients with no HBV recurrence were compared favorably with survival of HBV recurrence.
乙肝肝移植术由于缺乏预防措施，术后乙肝复发率高达80%。复发性感染通常具有侵袭性，会导致移植失败和病人死亡。在乙肝肝硬化病人中，高病毒血症的患者术后乙肝复发的风险最高。Marzano等
人描述了术后复发与手术时病毒载量的线性相关关系。其中一个最大的单中心研究发现，与出现乙肝复发的病人相比，无乙肝复发的病人总体生存率更高。
知识点总结：
1hepat-前缀，肝的
2prophylaxis n.预防
3cirrhosis n.肝硬化
4highly viremic高病毒血症无法逃脱吉他谱
5favorably adj.顺利的为什么会鼻塞
"Prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation using lamivudine歌唱祖国钢琴谱
木仓医学考研复试
SCI长难句
肝胆胃肠外科第四章-胆管癌
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is the cond most common primary malignancy.Although it is more common in Asia,its incidence in Europe and North America has significantly incread in recent decades.The prognosis of CCA is dismal.Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment,but the majority of patients prent with advanced stage dia,and recurrence after rection is common.Over the last two decades,our understanding of the molecular biology of this malignancy has incread tremendously,diagnostic techniques have evolved,and novel therapeutic approaches have been established.This review discuss the changing epidemiologic trends and provides an overview of newly identified etiologic risk factors for CCA.
胆管癌（CCA）是第二常见的原发性恶性肿瘤。尽管胆管癌在亚洲更为常见，近几十年来，其在欧洲和北美的发病率也显著上升。胆管癌的预后不容乐观，外科手术是唯一可能的治愈方法。但是大多数病人都处于癌症晚期阶段，术后复发也很常见。在过去的20年间，我们对这种恶性肿瘤的分子生物机制的认识有了极大的提高。同时，诊断技术不断发展，新的治疗方案被确立。本综述讨论了胆管癌流行病学的变化趋势，并对新近发现的致病的危险因素进行了概述。
知识点总结：
1Cholangiocarcinoma n.胆管癌
墨翟怎么读拼音
2Cholangio-前缀，胆管
3malignancy n.恶性肿瘤
4prognosis n.预后
5dismal n.凄凉的、可怕的
6advanced stage晚期
7rection n.切除术
8tremendously adv.非常地、可怕地9epidemiologic n.流行病学的
10evolved n.进化了的
