北京最好的大学高考英语“介词+关系代词”的用法
“介词+ 关系代词”的用法
【典型考例】1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.. (2008福建)
A. of which
B. on which
C. from which
D. above which
2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. (2008四川)
A. for which
乌溜溜的黑眼睛
B. in which
陈墨C. of which
D. from which
【解析】不难看出，这两道题都是考查了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。第1题题意：一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。故选D。第2题先行词为many cities,从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”，所以选择介词of，表示所属关系。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句既是同学们学习定语从句中的难点之一，也是各种考试的重点之一，尤其在近几年的高考题中出现的频率甚高，而且变化多样。经过对定语从句的学习，同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到有什么困难了，但对于“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的用法却往往感到棘手。希望下面的总结能助同学们一臂之力。
一、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本构成：
“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人)，即：介词+which/ whom。
1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。This is the hero of whom we are proud.
2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(物)，that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
This is the hero that/ who/ whom we are proud of. （可省略）
3. “复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装结构。
He lived in a big hou, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
二、“介词+ 关系代词”中的介词的确定方法：
新年饭（一）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
【典例】1. I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ______ she had come. (2006重庆）
A. of which
B. by which
酸菜鱼怎么做好吃C. in which
撤销快捷键D. from which
2. -----Why does she always ask you for help? (2005北京)
---- There is no one el ______, is there?
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn
D. for her to turn
3. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
(2004上海) A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom （二）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)
The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr. Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)
（三）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why 替换。
【典例】4. We went through a period______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008上海)
A. what
B. who
C. in which
D. with which
5. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏)
A. after which
B. after that
联通gprsC. in which
D. in that
6. Many people who had en the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembe
red the scenes____ people were eaten by the tiger.（2005广东卷）
A. in which
B. by which
C. which
D. that
7. The English play ____ st udents acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004全国I)小炒肉
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
（四）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。
【典例】8. She was educated at Beijing University , ______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006陕西）
A. after that
B. from that
C. from which
D. after which
9. He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. (2005山东）
A. from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this
10. The schools themlves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____ they are
being trained. (2005江西)
A. in that
B. for that
C. in which
D. for which
三、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句扩展形式
（一）“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
用于这个结构中的代词主要是both，all，much，many，（a）few，（a）little，none，some，veral，most等不定代词，而其后的介词多用of。这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可把“of＋关系代词which/whom”置于代词前。
