一、besides 意为“除了……，(还，也)”，=in addition to, moreover, furthermore表示的是追加关系，整体中包括了“除了”的部分。
1. Five other students arrived late besides me.
2. Besides his wife, his daughter also went to e him.
3. In addition 质量技术监督to basic salary, there’s a list of extra benefits.
二、except 意为“除了……之外，(not including)”，用于同类之间。表示的是整体中不包括“除了”的部分。except 除了后面接名词、代词外，还可接介词短语或从句。常与“all，every，no，none，nothing”等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
1. All the other five students arrived late except me.
2. I know nothing about it except what he told me.
3. My papers em to be everywhere except where they ought to be.
谷昊峰
三、except that后面跟从句，语意与上同。如：
He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days.
四、except for: 它所叙述的事实通常用来对整体作修整。如：
1. Your essay is well written except for one or two minor grammatical mistakes.
你的作文除了一两处小的语法错误外，写得很好。
2. except for：它的宾语与前述对象不是同一个。例如：
The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.
这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。
3.若用于句首，则except for 与except 同义(但except 通常不用于句首)：文明习字
Except for me, everyone pasd the exam.
五、but与except的用法基本相同并常互换使用，但but多与no, nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anything, who等词连用，but所引出的'事物常是句子的重心，强调“不在其中”。如：
1. They are all from the countryside but / except John.
2. I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
3.当but / except后面跟不定式时，如果but / except前面有实义动词do或do的其他形式，后面的不定式符号要省略。如：
In winter the bear does nothing but lie down and sleep.小猪的图片
It had no effect except to make him angry.
祝福工作的祝福语 六、but for 否定复合介词，用在名词前构成介词短语，意思是“要不是”，等于without。句子中只要有but for，该句子必须用虚拟语气。
1. But for your help (if you had not helped us)we should not have finished in time.
土地置换
要不是你的帮助，我们就不会及时完成。
2. But for the rain (= If it had not rained) we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨，我们就会有一个愉快的旅途的。
七、apart from在不同的上下文中，在同类或不同类都能用。既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义， 要根据上下文来判别。如：
1. Apart from the cost, the hat doesn't suit me. (= besides)
2. He has no interests, apart from his work. (= except )
3. It’s a good paper, apart from a few spelling mistakes. (= except for)
八、aside from 类似于apart from的用法。
1. 除…之外
Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.
除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外, 四周一片寂静。
2. 既…又…
秋蝉歌曲 I didn't accept the job becau it was badly paid and aside from that, it wasn't very interesting.
我没接受这个工作, 因为工资既少, 又非常乏味。
九、unless 是“除非”的意思，接从句，如：
My boss can't fire me unless he can prove me unsuitable for the job.
除非我的老板能证明我不适合这份工作，否则他不能炒了我。
1.He knew nothing about Beijing that it is the capital of China.
2.What el did his father do there fishing?
3.The robot is wonderful the color.
4.Mr. Green usually goes to work by bus it rains.
A. besides B. except when C. except what D. beside
5.It was dark in the city a few weak lights.
A. except for B. except C. besides D. but for
6.David could do nothing but his teacher yesterday afternoon.
A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help
except besides except for B A A
