Unit 12
一、单元语法
本单元主要涉及使役动词make的被动语态，get＋过去分词构成的被动语态。
1. 使役动词make的被动语态
使役动词make后接不定式做宾语补足语，但不定式符号to省略，被动语态中，应恢复不定式符号to，例：
The young child was made to study 8 hours a day.这个孩子被要求每天学习8小时。
具有类似用法的词有let, e, hear, listen to, watch, have, obrve等。
2. get＋过去分词构成的被动语态
除了可以用助动词be＋过去分词构成被动语态外，还可用get＋过去分词构成被动句，但两者用法上存在细微差异。
a)“be ＋过去分词”既可表动作，又可表状态，而“get＋过去分词”则主要表动作。
b) get ＋过去分词既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；be ＋过去分词则只表示单纯的被动意义，例：
I got (mylf) invited to lots of parties last holidays.
上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。
I was invited to lots of parties last holidays.上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。
c)与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；
书塾的意思
不愉快”之意，例：
He got taught a lesson.他被教训了一顿。
I got rained on as I was coming to work.我来上班时遭到淋雨。
二、词汇短语
Language structures
1. tactic[ ] n. an expedient for achieving a goal; a maneuver战术，手段：
The new police tactics have really put the wind up the local drug
dealers.警方的这些新策略真正使当地的毒品贩子感到害怕。
2. spike[ ] n. something long and thin with a sharp point in the sole（鞋底
的）防滑钉
3. acrobatic[ ] n. of or like an acrobat杂技的
培优计划
4. conceited [ ]adj. full of conceit极其自负的：He could not bear
that they should be so conceited.他们这样自高自大他受不了。
Dialogue I
1. stereo[ ] n. a machine for playing records, CDs etc that produces
sound from two speakers立体声
2. treble[ ] adj. high-pitched in tone高音的：James has a fine treble
voice.詹姆斯有一副悦耳的高音嗓子。
3. fascinate[ ]v. attract; cau to be enamored吸引，着迷：The
students were fascinated by his ideas.学生们都被他的想法吸引住了。
4. hardware[ ] n. computer machinery and equipment硬件
5. digital[ ] adj. using a system in which information is recorded or nt
out electronically in the form of numbers数字的，数位的
6. synthesizer[ ]n. an electronic instrument that produces the
sounds of various musical instruments合成者，合成物
答案在风中飘扬7. realistically[ ] adv. in a realistic manner实际地，现实地
8. fidelity [ ] n. faithfulness to obligations, duties, or obrvances忠诚，
忠实：There is nothing like a dog’s fidelity.没有什么能比得上狗的忠诚。9. initial[ ]adj. at the beginning; first最初的，开始的：After she’d
overcome her initial shyness, she became very friendly.她克服了开始时的羞
涩之后，就变得非常友善。吹风机简笔画
10. compact [ ] adj. cloly and firmly united or packed together; den
紧密的：Stamp the soil down so that it’s compact.把泥土踩结实。
11. contain[ ] v. to have as component parts; include or compri包含，
包括：The album contains many memorable songs.这张唱片中包括许多值得
收集的歌曲。
12. hiss[ ]n. to make a noi which sounds like ‘ssss’嘶嘶声：The iron
hisd as it presd the wet cloth.熨斗压在湿布上时发出了嘶嘶声。
13. transfer[ ] v. to convey or cau to pass from one place or thing
to another转移：He has transferred from the army to the navy.他从陆军转
到海军。
14. astonishingly[ ]adv. in an amazing manner; to everyone’s
对老师感恩的话
surpri惊异地，异常地
15. format[ ]n. the organization of information according to pret
specifications (usually for computer processing)格式
16. obsolete[ ] adj. outmoded in design, style, or construction过时的：
an obsolete design过时的设计
17. solo[ ] n. compod, arranged for, or performed by a single voice or
instrument独奏曲
Dialogue II
1. glandular[ ] adj. related to the glands, or produced by the glands
腺或腺分泌的
2. into account考虑，体谅，斟酌be considerate of, consider sth.
Reading I
1. yield[ ] v. a) to give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially by
cultivation生产，生长：That apple tree yields plenty of apples.那棵苹果树
结出很多苹果。b) to give in, as to influence or pressure投降，屈服：I
would rather die than yield.我宁死不降。
2. maize[ ] n. tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears; corn玉米
3. famine[ ] n. a drastic, wide-reaching food shortage饥荒：Many people万圣节给糖
die of starvation during famines every year.每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
4. Philippines[ ] n. a country made up of over 7000 islands off the
southeast coast of Asia菲律宾
5. significance[ ] n. the quality of being significant意义，重要性：
This new discovery of oil is of great significance to this area’s economy.
这次新发现的石油对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。
6. award[ ] vt. to grant as merited or due把……奖给，授与：She has been
awarded a scholarship to study at Harvard.她获得了去哈佛大学读书的奖学金。
7. sponsor [ ]v. to act as a sponsor for担保或赞助，倡议：sponsor a
variety of cultural and physical activities举办丰富多彩的文体活动
8. recommendation[ ]n. something (as a cour of action)
that is recommended as advisable建议：The judge made
recommendations to the court.法官向审判人员提出建议。
9. in regard to concerning关于
10. nutrition[ ] n. a source of materials to nourish the body营养
11. proposal[ ] n. thing that is suggested, plan or scheme提案，建议，
方案：They prented concrete proposals for improvement他们提出了具体
的改进建议。
12. breeder[ ] n. a person who breeds animals or plants饲养员，育种者
13. pathologist[ ]n. someone who studies the caus and effects
of illness病理学家
14. humanitarian[ ]n. concerned with improving bad
living conditions and preventing unfair treatment of people人道主义者15. latitude[ ] n. the distance north or south of the equator纬度：与
之相对应的词汇为longitude经度
16. agronomy[ ] n. the study of the growing of crops农艺学，农学祈使句例句
17. decisive [ ] adj. having a particular, important or conclusive effect
有特殊、重要或决定性效果的：a decisive factor决定性因素
Reading II
1.magnitude[ ]n. (degree of) importance重要性，重要程度：I
hadn’t realized the magnitude of the problem.我没有认识到这个问题的重
要性。
2. avert[ ] v. prevent sth, avoid防止（某事），避免：avert an accident防止
事故
3. in the light of according to根据，按照
4. supreme[ ]adj. most important, greatest最重要的，最大的：the
supreme moment in one’s life一生中最重要的时刻
5. irony[ ] n. a situation that is unusual or amusing becau something
strange happens, or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true
有讽刺意味的情况，事情
6. sacred[ ] adj. connected with or dedicated to God, connected with
religion神圣的，宗教的
7. intervene[ ]v. interfere so as to prevent sth happening or to
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