在“独立结构”中做主语的名词词组有时可以省去限定词。例如： （7）怎样修改微信支付密码 The manager sat quietly in the office, (his ) eyes clod. 经理静静地坐在办公室里，双目紧闭。 “独立结构”的位置是比较灵活的，它可位于句首，句中或句尾。例如： （8） Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。 （9） He guiding her, they stumbled through the street. 他引着他，两个人蹒跚地穿过那条街。 （10） He, God willing, would be in the village before the cond next month. 他，如果情况允许，将于下月二日前来到这个村庄。 如果一句中含有几个“独立结构”，通常是把表示概括意义的结构置于最后。例如： （11） The professor was slammed against the wall, his body frisked, his wrists handcuffed, his dignity lost. 教授被猛推倒墙上，被搜了身，手被拷着，尊严尽失。 “独立结构”在句中可表示多种含义。例如： 表示时间： （12） His homework done, Jim decided to go and e the play. =After his homework was done, Jim decided to go and e the play. 家庭作业完成之后，杰姆决定去看戏。 （13） The meal over, we began to work again. =When the meal was over, we began to work again. 吃完饭，我们又开始干活。 表示原因： （14） The last bus giving gone, we had to walk home. =Becau the last bus had gone, we had to walk home. 由于末班车已开走，我们只得步行回家。 （15） Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. =As her shirt was caught on a nail, she could not move. 由于裙子被钉子钩住，她不能移动。 表示条件： （16） Whether permitting, the football match will be played on Wednesday. =If weather permits, the football match will be played on Wednesday. 假如天气允许的话，足球赛将在星期三举行。 表示方式和伴随状况： （17） He put on his socks wrong side out. 他穿上袜子，反面朝上。 （18） The children were watching the acrobatic show, their eye (being) wide open. 孩子们在看杂技表演，眼睛睁得很大。 在上述诸例中，“独立结构”均可变为由with引导的介词词组，即在“独立结构”前可用介词with。介词with在此没有什么意义，只是比较口语化。例如： （19） They sat in the room with the curtains drawn. 他们坐在房间里，窗帘拉下来。 With the tree growing tall, we get more shade. 树长高了，我们得到更多的阴凉。 He came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 他手里拿着一本书走进教室。 |
语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组 为英语猫网站集体编写 |
1． 不定式“独立结构”，-ing分词“独立结构”，-ed分词“独立结构”之间的区别。 不定式“独立结构”表示即将发生的动作。例如： （1） We shall asmble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precily eleven. 我们将在十点四十五分集合，队伍整十一点开始游行。 （2） The plan was that the two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details to be worked put later. 计划是双方应先就基本原则达成协议，细节问题以后拟订。 -ing分词“独立结构”表示正在进行的动作，且主语与-ing分词之间为主动关系。例如： 语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站集体编写 （3） We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每一个人就像干两个人的活。 等的意思 -ed分词“独立结构”表示已发生的动作，主语与-ed分词之间为被动关系。例如： （4） This done, we went home. 做完此事，我们就回去。 （5） All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。 2． 无动词“独立结构”的常见类型： （1） 名词+介词短语 （2） 名词+adj.或adv. 夜情网站 路见不平拔刀相助例如：He sat st the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raid. 皂化 = He stood there, with his hand rai. 典型例题 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"我妈妈说绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D. 注意: 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth t, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 典型例题： Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。 |
语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组 为英语猫网站集体编写 |
将下列每组句子连接成一句，至少使用一个独立结构。 1. a. She stood back and looked at him. b. Her face smiled radiantly. 2. a. His exam was finished. b. Porter stumbled wearily from the room. 3. a. Henry Adams ran from the room . b. Cold shivers ran down his spine. 4. a. The meeting was clod. b. Nobody had any more to say. 5. a. There was no way for me to cross. b. I walked upstream on the south side. 6. a. Marie sat on the edge of frail wooden chair in Irby's suite. b. The champagne glass was in her hand. c. Her tears were in her eyes. 7. a. All the money had been spent. b. Jack started looking for work. 8. a. The whole meeting was in uproar. b. The chairman abandoned the attempt to take a vote. 9 a. My task was completed. b. I went to bed. 10. a. In front of him stood a man. b. The man held a gun in his hand. 11. a. Walking into the room, I saw Grandpa. b. He was sitting at the desk. c. His newspaper was spread before him. 12. a. The prisoner stood quietly on the wooden platform. b. A small cotton bag was put over his face. c. His hands were tied behind his back. d. A noo was fixed curely about his neck. |
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