2018年北京外国语大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题
PartⅡStructure and Written Expression
Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will must suitably complete the ntence if inrted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET．
21．“What cours are you going to do next mester?”
“I don't know. But it's about time______on something”
A．I'd decide B．I decided C．I decide D．I'm deciding 22．______a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home．
A．Obtaining not B．Not obtaining C．Not having obtained D．Not obtained 23．How can I ever concentrate if you______continually______me with silly questions?
A．have, interupted B．had, interrupted C．are, interrupting D．were, interrupted 24．As it turned out to be a small hou party, we______so formally．
A．need not have dresd up B．must not have dresd up
C．id not need to dress up D．must not dress up
25．______is often the ca with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals．
A．That B．It C．This D．As
26．It is not so much the language______the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand．
A．but B．nor C．as D．like
27．______human problems that repeat themlves in______life repeat themlves in______literature．
A．/ , / , the B．/ , the, / C．The, / , / D．The, the, the
28．He is not under arrest, ______any restriction on him．
A．or the police have placed B．or have the police placed关于春的句子
C．nor the police have placed D．nor have the police placed
29．He was______to tell the truth even to his clost friend．
A．too much of a coward B．too much the coward
C．a coward enough D．enough of a coward
30．I couldn't sleep becau the tap in the bathroom was______．
A．draining B．dropping C．spilling D．dripping 31．We have been hearing______accounts of your work．
A．favored B．favorable C．favorite D．favoring 32．Plea put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______bins provided．A．junk B．litter C．scrap D．deposit
33．At first, the company refud to purcha the equipment, but this decision was______revid．
A．subquently B．successively C．predominantly D．preliminarily 34．Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite______．
A．invaluable B．priceless C．predominantly D．preliminarily 35．The local authorities realized the need to make______for elderly people in their housing programs．
A．preparation B．requirement C．specification D．provision
36．Most people can't get______the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee．A．on B．through C．over D．by
37．As the director can't come to the reception, I'm reprenting the company______．A．on his account B．on his behalf C．for his part D．in his interest 38．The award ceremony will be the______of the inaugural Singapore International Water Week that is held from23to27June2008．
A．twilight B．insight C．highlight D．highland
39．There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should______the reality that more immigrants are coming and that tho already here are changing Japan．
A．abide by B．account for C．act on D．adjust to 40．Nobody knows what triggered the event, which______a million cubic meters of water per cond, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France．
A．relead B．relieved C．restored D．retained
PartⅢReading Comprehension
Ⅰ．Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and carefully and choo the best answere to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
Passage One
The19th-Century British Aristocracy
The British aristocracy had always been involved in industrialization, especially in the development of mining, canals, and railways. It now shrewdly associated itlf with the new wave of commercial expansion. most banks and insurance companies had a lord to add tone to the managerial board. It also shored up its fortunes by astute marriages, notably with the new aristocracy of wealth in the United States; the besk-known example was the marriage of the Duke of Marlborough to Consuelo Vanderbilt. By the means, many of the great aristocratic estates were prerved despite agricultural decline. But they were playthings as well as engines of wealth, and came to be treated a
s such. The aristocracy came to be known to the urban population chiefly through their reprentation in the popular press and magazines as men and women of leisure: racing, hunting, shooting, and fishing in the country, gambling and attending the ason in London. In a population for which leisure was becoming increasingly important, this did not make the aristocracy unpopular.41. In the cond ntence of this passage, “had a lord on the managerial board”means that
A．the banks and insurance companies would hire a lord on the board to give advice to their management．
B．having lords involved in the management gave the banks or companies a very good public image
C．lords worked for the banks and insurance companies to bring in more profits梦想的方向
D．it had become a fashion to have a lord on the managerial board of a bank or a company 42．The“astute marriages”in the passage refers to marriages between
A．British aristocracy and rich American entrepreneurs
B．old British aristocratic families and newly knighted aristocracy of wealth
C．aristocratic families and new business families of money and enterpris
D．big landlord families in the British countryside and rich American tycoons of industry 43．Judging from the content of the passage, Consuelo Vanderbilt was
A．male, and from a rich business family in the United Sates
B．female, and from a British wealthy family of Britain
C．male, and from a rich industrial family of Britain
D．female, and from a rich industrial family of Britain
44．Which of the following statements in TRUE?
A．The19th-century British aristocrats were treated as decorations in public life and were ud to make money by press．
B．The19th-century British aristocrats were toys of the rich capitalists and were made to earn profits
香菇鸡块的做法
for them．
C．The19th-century British aristocrats acted as playmates of people in pleasure-eking such as hunting, fishing, and shooting．
D．The19th-century British aristocrats were popular figures in advertiments becau they lived a leisurely life．
Passage Two
How to Do Fewer, Better Animal Experiments For a nation of pet lovers, Britain conducts a surprising number of experiments on animals some3m a year. America appears to u fewer animals—just1. lm a year, according to official statistics—but that is an illusion. Unlike Britain's government, America's does not think rats and mice worth counting. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America, and animals ud in rearch in tho two countries are not protected to the same extent that they are in the West. Even so, academic centers supporting alternatives to animal testing have emerged in both places in recent years. In July China issued its first t of guidelines governing the u of animals in rearch．
In an ideal world, there would be no animal testing. It is expensive and can be of dubious scientific value, since different species often react differently to the same procedure. That is why many rearchers are working on ways of reducing the number of animal experiments needed and of making tho that still happen more effective. However, the transition is proving easier for some types of experiment than for others, as a group of rearchers in the field discusd at the sixth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal U in the Life Sciences, held last week in Tokyo．
The most important message from the congress was that things are going in the right direction. The number of animals ud in experiments has fallen by half in the past30years, at least in tho countries that record such things. There has also been a shift in the sort of animal ud. Most of tho employed today are rodents rather than dogs, cats, rabbits and monkeys. (That public opinion generally welcomes this is,. however, a good example of “cutist”prejudice for one species over another: there is not reason to believer that rodents suffer less than other mammals. ) Also, of the experiments that are still conducted, the majority are now concerned with developing and testing medicine rather than, say, checking how toxic cosmetics are. Of the11m animals involved each year in experiments that have to be reported to the European Commission, about45％are ud for medical and veterinary purpos and another35％for basic biomedical rearch．
45．Which of the following is“an illusion”? ______
A．Britain protects animals ud in rearch better than Japan and China．
B．China has issued guidelines governing the ud of animals in rearch．
C．Japan has less comprehensive data on animal testing than America．
D．America conducts fewer experiments on animals than Britain．
46．Many rearchers are currently trying to______．
A．u animals involved in rearch more effectively
B．slow down the transition for some experiments
我走了C．challenge the scientific value of animal testing
D．rai the cost of using any animals in rearch
甘肃莫高窟47．The“cutist”prejudice probably refers to the fact that______．
A．pet animals are thought to suffer more in experiments
B．rodents are believed to react in the same way with humans
C．testing medicine is suppod to do more harm than testing cosmetics
D．what sort of animals to u is reckoned more crucial than whether to u them
Passage Three
Thanks in no small part to A1Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the riousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much wor．
For reasons both economic and political coal is poid to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itlf off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the US's electricity and releas about1.5billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If prent trends continue, the figures will more than double by2050, much to the detriment of the world's climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burnig coal．
Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale questration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, but the bigger challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administration's policy is counterproductive.
It is time for the US government to put a price on carbon emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will e their oefforts rewarded: Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring America's green credentials．
48．According to the author, what adds to the riousness of global warming?
A．The American public was ignorant of the problem．
B．The American government is doing nothing to deal with the problem．
C．The US will choo coal as the major fuel which will have large carbn emissions．D．There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil which has large carbon emissions．49．Which of the following is true about the obstacles for effectively capturing carbon emissions?
A．The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions．B．The companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies．
C．The government policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive．
D．The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues．
50．What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?
A．The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new technology．
B．The government should reward utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emission．
C．The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees．D．The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions．
Ⅱ．Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own. English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).(15%)
Dealing with Depression
(51)Contrary to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older.
Nor is it harder to treat in older peple. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment．
炒芋头的家常做法
“Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression,”Bruce said. “But more often in older people it's anhedonia—they're not enjoying life. They're irritable and cranky.”
桂圆莲子(52)She added, “Many older people despair over the quality of thief lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or rious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.”
Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it riously when an older person says“Life is not worth living, ”“I don't e any point in living, ”“I'd be better off dead”or“My family would be better off if I died, ”the experts emphasized．“Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment,”Brown urged. (53)He warned that“depresd older adults tend'to have fewer symptoms”than younger adults who are depresd．
The ideal approach, of cour, is to prevent depression in the first place. (54) Brown recommended t
hat older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that“give them pleasure, purpo and a reason for living”．
He suggested“social activities of any type-joining a book club or bowling league, going to a nior center or gym, taking cours at a local college, hanging out at the coffee shop”．Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at
a place of worship, school or muum．
(55) Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their problems．
PartⅣCloze Test ( 10 % )电瓶车牌子
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2)．Dad Can't Handle The Toys
Any parent with a child(56)______the ages of3and11can tell you(57)______technology has crept into nearly (58)______aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced
recently from Wild Planet, is a(59)______in point. “It's the perfect blend of technology, learning and exerci, ”says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has (60)______unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids3to5, (61)______Animal Scramble, which is due (62)______stores in September. In (63)______, the firm will soon relea Hyper Jump. “Play and technology are(64)______, ”says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents' Choice Foundation.“There's (65)______putting the genie back in the bottle.”
PartⅤProofreading ( 10 % )
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether10mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/)and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words(in brackets)immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2)．
Examples:
< 1 (66) The meeting begun2hours ago．
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (66) began began
< 2(67) Scarcely they ttled themlves in their ats in the theatre when the curtain went up．
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67)(Scarcely) had (they)
