做包子怎么做
Becau some deleterious mutations may be weeded out during a number of generations natural lection, it is difficult to u dN/dS in the cloly related populations. And the effects of time must be incorporated into an analysis, if the lineages being compared are cloly related.
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CALCULATE dN and dS
乐此不彼是什么意思
From the cour that arching for natural lection: dN/dS【2】白头偕老
FIR STLY, CALCU LATE TH E N U MBER OF SYN ON YMOU S SITES AN D
N ON SYN ON YMOU S SITES
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There are 12 sites in the two quences.
In the first site of codon ACT, it may mutate to CCT, TCT, or GCT. ACT is a threonine, CCT is a proline, TCT is a rine, and GCT is a alanine. If this site has any change from A, the amino acid will change. So the first site A is classified as a nonsynonymous substitution site.
All cond positions of codons are nonsynonymous sites. Any cond position site change will change the amino acid.
In third site of codon ACT, if the codon start with AC and the third site mutates to any nucleotide, and will not change the amino acid. So the third site of codon ACT is a synonymous site.
Using this method, we can classify 12 sites of this quence into 4(site number: 3, 6, 9, 12) synonymous sites and 8 nonsynonymous sites.
But in some cas, the result of the nucleotide mutation is uncertain. For example, in the third site of codon TTT, and TTT is a phenylalanine, if the third site mutates, TTC will still be a phenylalanine, TTG and TTA will be a leucine. In this ca, the probability of synonymous mutations is one third, and the probability of non-synonymous mutations is two thirds.
强聒不舍的拼音SECON DLY, CALCU LATE dN/dS
dN = nonsynonymous changes/ nonsynonymous sites
dS = synonymous changes/ synonymous sites
