Greek and Roman Mythological Elements
南浔古镇一日游攻略in
English Language Stock
(ΓρεεκανδPομανMψτηολογιχαλEλεμεντσ
ιν
EνγλισηΛανγυαγε∑τοχκ)
1 Introduction
Even before the Conquest a number of Greek words had entered English by way of Latin, in addition to some very early loans that may have come into Germanic directly from Greek, such as Church男兔女鼠. From the middle English period on, Latin and French are the immediate sources of most loanwords ultimately Greek — for instance (from Latin), allegory, anemia,（贫血）， anesthesia, aristocracy, barbarous, chaos, comedy, cycle, dilemma, drama, ele
ctric, enthusiasm, epithet, epoch, history, homonym（同形同音异义）, metaphor, mystery, paradox, phenomenon, rhapsody（狂想曲）受身, rhythm, theory, and zone; (from French) center, character, chronicle, democracy, diet, dragon, ecstasy, fantasy, harmony, machine, nymph, pau ,rheum（泪水，鼻炎）, and tyrant. Straight from Greek (though some are combinations unknown in classical times) come acronym, agnostic(不可知论者), anthropoid(类人猿), autocracy, chlorine(氯), idiosyncrasy(习性,癖好), pathos(痛苦,疾病), phone, telegram, and xylophone(木琴), among many others.
The rich foreign sources of prent English word stock are Latin ,French and Greek (including tho words of Greek orign that have come to us by way of Latin and French). Many of the Latin and Greek words were in the beginning confined to the language of erudition(erudition n.博学), and some of them still are; others have pasd into the stock of more or less everyday speech. It must be remembered in this connection that in earlier periods Latin was to the English the language of literature, science, and religion. Although Greek had tremendous prestige as a classical language, there was comparatively little firsthand knowledge of it in western Europe until the advent of refugee Greek scholars fro
m Constantinople 君士坦丁堡( 土耳其西北部港市伊斯坦布尔) after the conquest of that city by the Turk in 1453. Hence, most of the Greek words that appear first in early Modern English occurred, as far as the English were concerned, in Latin works, though their Greek provenience (起源, 出处) usually would have been recognized. Latin was, in fact, freely ud in both written and spoken forms by the learned all over Europe throughout the medieval and early modern periods. Petrarch(彼特拉克（1304-1374, 意大利诗人, 学者、欧洲人文主义运动的主要代表）) translated Boccaccio’s(卜伽丘(Giovanni, 1313-1375, 文艺复兴时期意大利作家, 《十日谈》的作者) Italian, and it was this Latin translation that Chaucer
四大美女王昭君(乔叟(英国诗人,1340-1400) )ud as the source of is Clerk’s Tale. More, Bacon, and Milton all wrote in Latin, just as the Venerable Bede(比德(Saint, 673-735, 英国历史学家及神学家) )and other learned men had done centuries earlier.
avarice, ambrosia(神的食物, 特别美味的食物), nectarnectar([希神] 神酒, 任何美味的饮料, 花蜜, 甘露), chronicle, nymph, siren, nocturnal, uranium, plutonian([地质]深成的), erotic, a
tlas, martial, merchant, mercury, mercurial, geology, chaotic, music, mu, muum, echo, narcissism, noxiousnoxious (adj.有害的), lethargic, lethal, hide, ocean, giant, titanic, tantalizing(adj.非常着急的), volcano ….
2 Myths of Creation
Chaos:
chaos:
a : a state of utter confusion
b : a confud mass or mixture (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
"In truth at first Chaos came to be ..." [Hesiod, Theogonytheogony.神谱, 神统系, 记述神的史诗 116]
Chaos is the void which came into being before anything el. But some say that Chaos was born from Mist, and that Mist was the first to exist. Others affirm that Chaos is not a void, but a rough unordered mass of things. It is also asrted that Chaos existed from the beginning, together with Nyx([希神]尼克斯(司夜女神,夜的化身), Erebus([希神]阳间与阴间当中的黑暗界) (Darkness of the Underworld), and Tartarus(地狱底下暗无天日之深渊), and conquently they consider Chaos to be as Nyx and Erebus: one of "the powers below the ground".
It is told that during the war between the TITANS and the OLYMPIANS, the fight came to such a degree of intensity that an amazing heat ized Chaos.
Nyx
Nyx is Night, a powerful goddess who dark light falls from the stars, and who dictates not only to men but also to gods. Even Zeus does not wish to upt Night.
nocturne, nocturnal
Offspring of Nyx
Hypnos([希神]手抄报资料许普诺斯(睡眠之神,与罗马神话中的Somnus女装畅销品牌为同一神)), who some say is the god that is dearest to the MUSES, is Sleep and Dream. He is the younger brother of Thanatos (Death), and Nyx (Night) is the nur of both.
Hypnos, they say, has his abode within a hollow mountain in Cimmeria, which is to the north of the Black Sea. In this place, silence and twilight shadows reign, and from the bottom of the cave there flows the stream of Lethe (Oblivion), who murmuring waves invite to slumber(睡眠)
Lethe a river in Hades who waters cau drinkers to forget past
lethargic
Middle English litargie, from Medieval Latin litargia, from Late Latin lethargia, from Greek lēthargia, from lēthargos forgetful,
lethargic, irregular from lēthē
also lethal
Nemesis(报应, 复仇女神), the mesnger of Justice, is Retribution(3d谜语今天字谜报偿) or Divine Vengeance, and the one who established the decree that transfers the soul from body to body. Therefore she is feared; but some artists, being persuaded that Nemesis manifests herlf as a conquence of love, have given wings to Nemesis as they do to Love, who also appears winged.
One who inflicts retribution or vengeance; also a formidable and usually victorious rival or opponent. The word comes from the name of th
e reek goddess of retributive justice, Nemesis.
二次元美女壁纸The term in u, by Laurie Goodstein in the Washington Post, December 23, 1996:
