2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
香煎三文鱼学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1．What is an advantage of MacBike?
A．It gives children a discount.B．It of offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours.D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?
A．€15.75.B．€19.50.C．€22.75.D．€29.50.
3．Where does the guided city tour start?
A．The Gooyer, Windmill.B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery.D．Dam Square.
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his hou, obrving how natur
e solved problems.
A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be ud to clean up the mess people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to obrving nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John t for himlf was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a ries of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, the different kinds of life got ud to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food a
nd began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhou — like facility that treated wage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and obrve what’s happening. Then you let the new systems develop their own ways to lf-repair.”
4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A．He was fond of traveling.B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He longed to be a doctor.
5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A．To feed the animals.B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.D．To test the eco-machine.
6．What is the author’s purpo in mentioning Fuzhou?
酸笋的做法
A．To review John’s rearch plans.B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.D．To era doubts about John’s invention.
7．What is the basis for John’s work?
A．Nature can repair itlf.B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diver.D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
The goal of this book is to make the ca for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chon online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear the participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The cond part of this book takes a clor look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In the chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device u. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view the practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
8．What is the book aimed at?情商高的十种表现
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.D．Promoting the u of a digital device.
9．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Clear-up.B．Add-on.C．Check-in.D．Take-over.
10．What is prented in the final chapter of part one?
A．Theoretical models.B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples.D．Historical analys.
11．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A．U them as needed.B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.D．Identify the ideas behind them.
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what h
as come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cas, the
average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, tho errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of the errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from the groups were more accurate than tho from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the rearchers tried to get a better n of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with tho most confident about their estimates? Did they follow tho least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant respon. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, the arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The methods of estimation.B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The caus of people’s errors.D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
心灵深处的歌13．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increa even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
14．What did the follow-up study focus on?
杂志英语怎么读
A．The size of the groups.B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.D．The individual estimates.
15．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
五险指什么
A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.
二、七选五
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourlf up about them. To err (犯错) is human.
16 You can u the following writing exerci to help you do this.
校园标语
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a cond page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost lf-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their success but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
团员教育评议自我评价A．A little lf-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourlf.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exerci.
D．It’s just as important to show yourlf some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might em, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
三、完形填空
