contents程序错误
< I 内容摘要.......................................................................................................................... II 1. Introduction. (1)
1.1 About tragedy and Tess of D’urbervilles (1)
1.2 About Thomas Hardy (2)
1.3 Background of the Novel (3)
2. Two Deep Stratification of the Tess’ tragedy in the ovel (4)
2.1 Family and Society Caud Tess’s Tragedy (4)
2.2 Hypocritical Capitalism Morals View and Unequal Legal System (5)解释成语
蜡炬成灰2.3 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (6)
3. Characters Analysis in the Novel (6)
3.1 Tess’s Character (7)
3.2 Alec’s Characters (9)
3.3 Clare’s Characters (10)
Conclusion (13)
Bibliography (14)
Abstract
Literature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars have begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England; Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. His novel reflected the real society. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Hardy succeeded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, th
en begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caud by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be parated from her own weakness in character, becau she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromi. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic. This paper will discuss the caus of Tess tragedy in terms of environment and characters that Tess involved.
Key Words：Tess’s Tragedy; Social Environment; Family Environment; Moral ethic; Character
贾谊的作品内容摘要
文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。越来越多的学者开始从文学的角度研究一个国家的经济，政治和文化根源。悲剧是小说创作的手法之一。托马斯．哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是他最为有影响力的一部巨著。哈代的悲剧小说《德伯家的苔丝》真实地反映了其当时的社会现实。小说成功地塑造了女主人苔丝的形象，无情地揭露了资产阶级社会虚伪的伦理道德。该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。文章通过对小说中社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会所造
成的，是一个时代思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的结果。除此之外，这与她自身性格的弱点也是分不开的，因为她对命运有着反抗的一面也有妥协的一面。所以，作为普通人的苔丝与当时社会的抗争是无助的，最终会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，被沦为社会的牺牲品。本文试从女主人公苔丝所处的环境和人物性格两个方面，探讨导致其悲剧的成因。
关键词：苔丝的悲剧；社会环境；家庭背景；伦理道德；人物性格
1. Introduction
读书会1.1 About tragedy and Tess of D’urbervilles
Literature is not only an art but also a mirror of real life. The manifestation of literature is manifold, one of which is tragedy. The writers often want to show the piteous, sad, distressing and ntimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. In the tragedy, it is inevitable that the heroes or heroines should suffer a tback or disadvantage, cover themlves in dishonor, experience tribulation or even fail or die though they have reasonable motivation, wishes, ideal, or passion which may indicate a victory or success. But finally they will either die or get mad. With a bad ending, tragedy often contains a certain philosophy of life.
省级文明单位
Tess of t he d’Urbervilles can be regarded as one of the greatest tragedies in pro in the history of English literature. Though Hardy mainly writes about the common country people in Wesx, southwestern part of England, he shows grandeur and dignity in his tragedies similar to what we find in Greek tragedy and his grave and elaborate style contributes to the tragic n of life. Hardy is remarkable for his tremendous power of producing tragedies comparable to classic tragedies.
Tess was a poor peasant girl who wanted to rely on her hands to pursuit individual happiness right, but the power forces of society can’t letting off a weak girl, in the end caud her tragedy. In this novel, the great inten counter- religion, ant feudal moral, counter- bourgeoisie law tendency，although meet opposition in the English upper society, received loving of the common readers. Rearch this novel can let us know the view of morality and ethic in the hypocritical bourgeoisie in the Britain's Victorian era, Tess’s tragedy is due to the m oral root of society and the stable view of women chastity in the society which male is center. In sharp opposition this view when Hardy guiding Tess’s behave of mind, the critique spear point refers society and Christian church which protect this view. We are feeling that imagine put
writer’s discussion in the Britain's Victorian era more than one hundred years ago , we amazing the avant-garde mind of Hardy, he melted this kind of mind at times when he create Tess this character, f
红楼梦每回概括>fiprom that only then entrusts with this image richer connotation and the more profound social critique. This book became the one of the most great works in the late of Victorian era, becau it boldly expo hypocritical moral in the Capitalist society and condemned the Capitalism in the late 19th century caud impoverishment and decay of small farmers in rural England .
1.2 About Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy, (1840---1928), one of the reprentatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century, he was also a poet; He is famous for novels of character and Environment. His birthplace was in a country which named Egdon in the Westland; this natural environment formed the main environment in the Hardy’s writes. His father was a stonecutter, but like music, his parents paid more attention on Hardy’s education. In his childhood, he received the education for theology, but when he grew up, he turned to learn the literature. Hardy left school became a architect's apprentice in 1856。And then went to Landon became a post of the building draftsman in 1862，also in this time he took advanced cours for language in Landon University and began literature creative。His literature career began with poetry, but due to not have the good fortune to publish, changed the matter for novel creation. His first long novel was published in 1871, the celebrated work was his fourth novel Farm from Madding Crowd in 1874, from then on, and he dropped constru
ction industry and devoted to the novel creation
There were early 20 long novels in Hardy’s life, the most famous novels are Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1891) ,Jude the Obscure(1895), The Mayor of
Cascetbridge(1901). Hardy’s works reflected the changed of social economy, political, moral and tradition when the hypocritical bourgeoisie invaded the countries in England, especially expod women’s tragic life and hypocrisy of bourgeoisie morals,
