带有月的古诗Natufian Culture
In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant―roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula―we e clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-shaped cutting blades that show a pattern of wear characteristic of cereal harvesting. Also, querns (hand mills) and other stone tools ud for processing grain occur in abundance at Natufian sites, and many such tools show signs of long, intensive u . Along with the sickle blades are many grinding stones, primarily mortars and pestles of limestone or basalt. There is also evidence that the heavy grinding stones were transported over long distances, more than 30 kilometers in some cas, and this is not something known to have been done by people of preceding periods. Fishhooks and weights for sinking fishing nets attest to the growing importance of fish in the diet in some areas. Stone vesls indicate an incread need for containers, but there is no evidence of Natufian clay working or pottery. Studies of the teeth of Natufians also strongly suggest that the people specialized in collecting cereals and may ha
ve been cultivating them and in the process of domesticating them, but they were also still hunter-foragers who intensively hunted gazelle and deer in more lush areas and wild goats and equids in more arid zones.
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as evidence that the Natufians may have engaged in the growing and processing of cereals and grains EXCEPT
∙ tools with a specific pattern of wear
∙ the widespread prence of grinding stones
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∙ the prence of clay containers 福州攻略
∙ results from the analysis of Natufian teeth
Why does the author say that “intensive u” in connection with Natufian agriculture?
∙ To argue that the Natufian people consumed grains long before they included fish in thei
r diet 夫妻性生活知识
∙ To suggest that Natufian people could not replace their tools frequently becau they had to travel very long distances to find grinding stones
∙ To illustrate the sophistication of the Natufians in the design of stone tools
∙ To support the claim that the archaeological record of the Natufian period shows clear evidence of agricultural origins
The phra attest to in the passage is clost in meaning to
∙ symbolize
∙ provide evidence of
∙ are predictive of
∙ coincide with
Which of the ntences below best express the esntial information in the highlighted ntence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out esntial information.
∙ Studies of the teeth of Natufians suggest the importance of cereals in their culture although they still hunted and foraged.
∙ The Natufians specialized in collecting cereals and may have been in the process of domesticating certain animals.
∙ Studies of the teeth of Natufians suggest that the people became hunter-foragers after they began domesticating cereals.
∙ The Natufians’ diet consisted mostly of cereals and lacked sufficient meat.
The Natufians had a different ttlement pattern from that of their predecessors. Some of their ba camps were far larger (over 1,000 square meters) than any of tho belonging
to earlier periods, and they may have lived in some of the camps for half the year or even more. In some of the camps, people made foundations and other architectural elements out of limestone blocks. Trade in shell, obsidian, and other commodities ems to have been on the ri, and anthropologists suspect that the exchange of perishables (such as skins, foodstuffs) and salt was also on the increa. With the growing importance of wild cereals in the diet, salt probably became for the first time a near necessity: people who eat a lot of meat get many esntial salts from this diet, but diets bad on cereals can be deficient in salts. Salt was probably also important as a food prervative in early villages.
Paragraph 2 suggests that compared with their predecessors, the Natufians
∙ had smaller camps
∙ had more permanent ttlements
∙ engaged in trade less often 什么是垃圾分类
社区民政工作计划
∙ had more meat in their diets
The phra “be deficient in” in the passage is clost in meaning to
∙ consist mainly of
∙ be balanced by
∙ not have enough
∙ have adequate
The word “prervative” in the passage is clost in meaning to
∙ something that adds flavor to food
∙ something that adds nutritional value to food
∙ something that keeps food fresh
∙ something that increas the trade value of food
水浒传是我国第一部什么小说According to paragraph 2, the abundance of wild cereals in the Natufian diet probably meant that the Natufians
∙ had to move their ttlements more often
∙ needed to supplement their diets with salt
∙ found it easy to store their food supplies
∙ no longer needed meat to provide esntial minerals
As always, there is more to a major cultural change than simply a shift in economics. The Natufians made (and presumably wore) beads and pendants in many materials, including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported, and it is possible that this ornamentation actually 羽绒服该怎么洗reflects a growing n of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status. Cleverly carved figurines of animals, women, and other subjects occur in many sites, and Natufian period cave paintings have been fou
nd in Anatolia, Syria, and Iran.More than 400 Natufian burials have been found, most of them simple graves t in hou floors. As archaeologist Belfer-Cohen notes, the burials may reflect an ancestor cult and a growing n of community emotional ties and attachment to a particular place, and toward the end of the Natufian period, people in this area were making a strict paration between living quarters and burial grounds. In contrast with the Pleistocene cultures of the Levant, Natufian culture appears to have experienced considerable social change.
