Candidate Number
Cambridge IELTS 10 – Test 1 Academic Reading
小面包的做法
SA TURDA Y 1 hour
Additional materials:submit什么意思
Answer sheet for Listening and Reading
停车场施工方案Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDA TES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. U a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet. INFORMA TION FOR CANDIDA TES
There are 40 questions on this question paper.
Each question carries one mark.
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READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are bad on Reading Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.鸡胸沙拉
Bovids
The family of mammals called bovids belongs to the Artiodactyl class, which also includes giraffes. Bovids are highly diver group consisting of 137 species, some of which are man’s most important domestic animals.
Bovids are well reprented in most parts of Eurasia and Southeast Asian islands, but they are by far the most numerous and diver in the latter. Some species of bovid are solitary, but others live in
large groups with complex social structures. Although bovids have adapted to a wide range of habitats, from arctic tundra to deep tropical forest, the majority of species favour open grassland, scrub or dert. This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of West Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.
Despite differences in size and appearance, bovids are united by the posssion of certain common features. All species are ruminants, which means that they retain undigested food in their stomachs, and regurgitate it as necessary. Bovids are almost exclusively herbivorous*. Typically their teeth are highly modified for browsing and grazing: grass or foliage is cropped with the upper lip and lower
incisors** (the upper incisors are usually abnt), and then ground down by the cheek teeth. As well as having cloven, or split, hooves, the males of all bovid species and the females of most carry horns. Bovid horns have bony cores covered in a sheath of horny material that is constantly renewed from within; they are unbranched and never shed. They vary in shape and size: the relatively simple horns of a large Indian buffalo may measure around 4 m from tip to tip along the outer curve, while the various gazelles have horns with a variety of elegant curves.
吗丁啉的功效Five groups, or sub-families, may be distinguished: Bovinae, Antelope, Caprinae, Cephalophinae and Antilocapridae. The sub-family Bovinae compris most of the larger bovids, including the African bongo, and nilgae, eland, bison and cattle. Unlike most other bovids they are all non-territorial. The ancestors of the various species of domestic cattle banteng, gaur, yak and water buffalo are generally rare and endangered in the wild, while the auroch (the ancestor of the domestic cattle of Europe) is extinct.
峨眉山游玩攻略*herbivorous: plant-eating
The term ‘antelope’ is not a very preci zoological name – it is ud to looly describe a number of bovids that have followed different lines of development. Antelopes are typically long-legged, fast-running species, often with long horns that may be laid along the back when the animal is in full flight. There are two main sub-groups of antelope: Hippotraginae, which includes the oryx and the addax, and Antilopinae, which generally contains slighter and more graceful animals such as gazelle and the springbok. Antelopes are mainly grassland species, but many have adapted to flooded grasslands: pukus, waterbucks and lechwes are all good at swimming, usually feeding in deep water, while the sitatunga has long, splayed hooves that enable it to walk freely on swampy ground.
The sub-family Caprinae includes the sheep and the goat, together with various relatives such as the goral and the tahr. Most are woolly or have long hair. Several species, such as wild goats, chamois and ibex, are agile cliff – and mountain-dwellers. Tolerance of extreme conditions is most marked in this group: Barbary and bighorn sheep have adapted to arid derts, while Rocky Mountain sheep survive high up in mountains and musk oxen in arctic tundra.
电视品牌排行榜The duiker of Africa belongs to the Cephalophinae sub-family. It is generally small and solitary, often living in thick forest. Although mainly feeding on grass and leaves, some duikers – unlike most other bovids –are believed to eat incts and feed on dead animal carcass, and even to kill small animals.
The pronghorn is the sole survivor of a New World sub-family of herbivorous ruminants, the Antilocapridae in North America. It is similar in appearance and habits to the Old World antelope. Although greatly reduced in numbers since the arrival of Europeans, and the subquent enclosure of grasslands, the pronghorn is still found in considerable numbers throughout North America, from Washington State to Mexico. When alarmed by the approach of wolves or other predators, hairs on the pronghorn’s rump stand erect, so showing and emphasising the white patch there. At this signal, the whole herd gallops off at speed of over 60 km per hour.
Choo the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
1 In which region is the biggest range of bovids to be found?
A Africa
B Eurasia
C North America
D South-east Asia
2Most bovids have a preference for living in
A isolation
B small groups
C tropical forest
D wide open spaces
3 Which of the following features do all bovids have in common?
A Their horns are shot
B They have upper incisors
C They store food in the body
D Their hooves are undivided
Look at the following characteristics (Question 4-8) and the list of sub-families below. Match each characteristic with the correct sub-family, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.
NB You may u any letter more than once
4can endure very harsh environments
5includes the ox and the cow
6may supplement its diet with meat
7
8
Question 9-13
Answer the questions below.
Choo NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
9What is the smallest species of Bovid called?
10Which species of Bovinae has now died out?
11What facilitates the movement of the sitatunga over wetland?
12What sort of terrain do barbary sheep live in?
13What is the only living member of the Antilocapridae sub-family?
面膜的作用
