Designation:A354–07a
Standard Specification for
Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts,Studs,and Other
Externally Threaded Fasteners1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A354;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for u by agencies of the Department of Defen.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification2covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts,studs, and other externally threaded fasteners4in.and under in diameter for application at normal atmospheric temperatures, where high strength is required and for limited application at elevated temperature(Note1).Any alloy steel capable of meeting the minimum mechanical and chemical properties t forth in this specification may be ud.
N OTE1—For bolts,studs,or other externally threaded fasteners,to be ud at elevated temperatures,refer to Specification A193/A193M. 1.2Two levels of bolting strength are covered,designated Grades BC and BD.Selection will depend upon design and the stress and rvice for which the product is to be ud.
N OTE2—Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts for structural steel joints up through11⁄2in.in diameter are covered in Specification A490. Alloy steel bolts,studs,and other externally threaded fast
eners(that is, heavy hex-structural bolts over11⁄2in.,hex bolts,anchor bolts,and countersunk bolts)exhibiting similar mechanical properties to bolts conforming to Specification A490shall be covered by Grade BD of this specification.
When bolts of Grade BD of this specification are considered for pretentioned applications in excess of50%of the bolt tensile strength,the additional requirements of head size,maximum tensile strength,nut size and strength,washer hardness,tests,and inspections contained in Speci-fication A490should be carefully considered.
1.3Nuts are covered in Specification A563.Unless other-wi specified,the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastener shall be as follows:
Grade of Fastener and Surface Finish
Nut Grade and
Style A
BC,plain(or with a coating of insufficient thick-
ness to require over-tapped nuts)
C,heavy hex
BC,zinc-coated(or with a coating thickness re-
quiring over-tapped nuts)
DH,heavy hex BD,allfinishes DH,heavy hex
A Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stress(Speci-fication A563,Table3)greater than the specified grade and style of nut are suitable.
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
马图片大全大图图片1.5Terms ud in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789unless otherwi defined herein.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:3
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High Temperature
or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpo Applications A490Specification for Structural Bolts,Alloy Steel,Heat Treated,150ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A563Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel Nuts
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
B695Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
D3951Practice for Commercial Packaging
F436Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
F606Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02on Steel Bolts, Nuts,Rivets and Washers.
Current edition approved Dec.1,2007.Published January2008.Originally approved in1952.Last previous edition approved in2007as A354–07.
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code applications e related Specifi-cation SA-354in Section II of that Code.
3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
Washers,Direct Tension Indicators,and Rivets
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,Screws,and Studs,Inch and Metric Series
F1470Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance Inspection
F1789Terminology for F16Mechanical Fasteners
F2329Specification for Zinc Coating,Hot-Dip,Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws,Washers,Nuts,and Special Threaded Fasteners 2.2ASME Standards:4
B1.1Unified Screw Threads
B18.2.1Square and Hex Bolts and Screws,Inch Series
B18.24Part Identifying Number(PIN)Code System Stan-dard for B18Fastener Products
3.Ordering Information
3.1Orders for bolts and studs(including nuts and accesso-ries)under this specification shall include the following:
3.1.1ASTM designation and year of issue,
3.1.2Name of product(that is,bolt or stud),
3.1.3Grade(that is,BC or BD),
3.1.4Quantities(number of pieces by size,including nuts), 3.1.5Size and length,
3.1.6Washers—Specify quantity and size(parate from bolts)(
4.3),
3.1.7Zinc Coating—When zinc-coated Grade BC fasteners are required,specify the zinc-coating process required,for example hot-dip,mechanically deposited,or no preference(e
4.4).
3.1.8Other Finishes—Specify other protectivefinish,if required.
3.1.9Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired,
3.1.10Specify if Certification(Section14)is required,and 3.1.11Specify additional testing(Section9)or special requirements.
3.1.12For establishment of a part identifying system,e ASME B18.2
4.
4.Materials and Manufacture
4.1The steel shall be made by the open-hearth,electric-furnace,or basic-oxygen process.
4.2All fasteners shall be heat-treated.At the option of the manufacturer,heat treatment may be performed on the raw material,during the manufacturing operations,or afterfinal machining.Heat treatment shall consist of quenching in a liquid medium(except Grade BD sizes11⁄2in.and smaller shall be quenched in oil)from above the transformation temperature and then temperating by reheating to a temperature of not less than800°F(427°C)for Grade BC and for Grade BD.
4.3When ud,suitable hardened washers shall be quenched and tempered(non-carburized)in accordance with Specification F436.
4.4Zinc Coatings,Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:
4.4.1When zinc-coated fasteners are required,the pur-char shall specify the zinc coating process,for example, hot-dip,mechanically deposited,or no preference.
4.4.2When“hot-dip”is specified,the fasteners shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F2329.
4.4.3When mechanically deposited is specified,the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanica
l-deposition process in accordance with the requirements of Class55of Specifica-tion B69
捻的意思5.
4.4.4When no preference is specified,the supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with Specification F2329,or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B695,Class5
5.Threaded components(bolts and nuts)shall be coated by the same zinc-coating process and the supplier’s option is limited to one process per item with no mixed process in a lot.
N OTE3—When the intended application requires that asmbled ten-sion exceeds50%of minimum bolt proof load,an anti-galling lubricant may be needed.Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of the lubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1of Specification A563and should be specified when required.
4.5Zinc-coated bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the same container unless specifically requested otherwi by the pur-char.
N OTE4—Rearch conducted on bolts of similar material and manu-facture indicates that hydrogen-
stress cracking or stress cracking corrosion may occur on hot-dip galvanized Grade BD bolts.
5.Chemical Composition
5.1All fasteners shall be made from alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition requirements in accordance with Table1.The steel shall contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloy steel.
N OTE5—Steel is considered to be alloy,by the American Iron and Steel Institute,when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the following limits:mangane,1.65%; silicon,0.60%;copper,0.60%;or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of the recognizedfield of constructional alloy steels:aluminum,chromium up to3.99%,cobalt,columbium,molybde-num,nickel,titanium,tungsten,vanadium,zirconium,or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
5.2Product analysis may be made by the purchar from finished material reprenting each lot of fasteners.The chemi-cal composition thus determined shall conform to the require-ments given in Table1.Choice of alloy steel composition
4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY10016-5990, www.asme.
TABLE1Chemical Requirements
Element Heat Analysis,%Product
Analysis,% Carbon:
For sizes through
11⁄2in.
0.30to0.530.28to0.55
For sizes larger than
11⁄2in.
0.35to0.530.33to0.55
Phosphorus,max0.0350.040 Sulfur,max0.0400.045
necessary to ensure meeting the specified mechanical require-ments shall be made by the manufacturer and shall be reported to the purchar for information purpos only.
5.3Application of heats of steel to which bismuth,le-nium,tellurium,or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted.
5.4Chemical analys shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A 751.
6.Mechanical Properties
6.1Fasteners shall not exceed the maximum hardness speci-fied in Table 2.Fasteners less than three diameters in length and studs less than four diameters in length shall have hardness values not less than the minimum nor more than the maximum hardness limits required in Table 2,as hardness is the only requirement.
6.2Fasteners 13⁄8in.in diameter or less for Grade BC and 11⁄4in.in diameter or less for Grade BD,other than tho excepted in 6.1,shall be tested full size and shall conform to the tensile strength and either the proof load or the yield strength requirements in accordance with Table 3.
6.3Fasteners larger than 13⁄8in.in diameter for Grade BC and fasteners larger than 11⁄4in.in diameter for Grade BD,other than tho excepted in 6.1,shall preferably be tested full size and when so tested,shall conform to the tensile strength and either the proof load or yield strength requirements in accordance with Table 3.When equipment of sufficient capac-ity for full-size testing is not available,or when the length of the fastener makes full-size testing impractical,machined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the require-ments in accordance with Table 4.In the event that fasteners are tested by both full-size and by the machined test specimen methods,the full-size test shall govern if a controversy between the two methods exists.
6.4For fasteners on which both hardness and tension tests are performed,acceptance bad on tensile requirements shall take precedence in the event that there is controversy over low readings of hardness tests.
7.Dimensions
7.1Bolts —Unless otherwi specified,the bolts shall be Hex Head with dimensions conforming to the latest issue of ASME B18.2.1.
7.2Studs —Studs shall have dimensions conforming to tho specified by the purchar.7.3Threads :
7.3.1Unless otherwi specified,threads shall be the Uni-fied National Coar Thread Series as specified in B1.1,and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
联防队7.3.2When specified,threads shall be the Unified National Fine Thread Series,8-Pitch Thread Series for sizes 14-Pitch UNS on 1in.size as specified in ANSI B1.1and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
7.3.3Unless otherwi specified,bolts and studs to be ud with nuts or tapped holes that have been
tapped oversize,in accordance with Specification A 563,shall have Class 2A threads before hot dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.After zinc coating,the maximum limit of pitch and major diameter may exceed the Class 2A limit by the following amount:
Diameter,in.
Oversize Limit,in.(mm)A
1⁄
40.0165⁄16
,3⁄80.0177⁄16,1⁄2
0.0189⁄16to 3⁄4,incl 0.0207⁄8
0.0221.0to 11⁄4,incl 0.02413⁄8,11⁄2
0.02713⁄4to 4.0,incl
0.050
A
The values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts in Specification A 563.
8.Workmanship
8.1Surface discontinuity limits shall be in accordance with Specification F 788/F 788M .
9.Number of Tests
9.1Testing Responsibility :
9.1.1Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior to shipment in accordance with the lot identification control quality assurance plan in 9.2through 9.6.
9.1.2When fasteners are furnished by a source other than the manufacturer,the responsible party as defined in 12.1shall be responsible for ensuring that all tests have been performed and the fasteners comply with the requirements of this speci-fication.
9.2Purpo of Lot Inspection —The purpo of a lot inspec-tion program is to ensure that each lot co
nforms to the requirements of this specification.For such a plan to be fully effective it is esntial that condary processors,distributors,and purchars maintain the identification and integrity of each lot until the product is installed.
9.3Lot Processing —All fasteners shall be procesd in accordance with a lot identification-control quality assurance plan.The manufacturer,condary processors,and distributors shall identify and maintain the integrity of each lot of fasteners from raw-material lection through all processing operations and treatments to final packing and shipment.Each lot shall be assigned its own lot-identification number,each lot shall be tested,and the inspection test reports for each lot shall be retained.
9.4Lot Definition —A lot is a quantity of a uniquely identified fastener product of the same nominal size and length produced concutively at the initial operation from a single mill heat of material and heat treatment lot and procesd at one time,by the same process,in the same manner so that statistical sampling is valid.The identity of the lot is main-tained throughout all subquent operations and packaging.
TABLE 2Hardness Requirements for Full-Size Fasteners
幼儿园故事大全
Size,in.
Grade
Hardness
Brinell
Rockwell C Minimum
Maximum Minimum Maximum
1⁄4
to 21⁄2BC 2553312636Over 21⁄2BC 23531122331⁄4to 21⁄2BD 31136333
39Over 21⁄2
BD 293
363
31
39
TABLE 3Tensile Requirements for All Full-Size Fasteners—Inch-Pound Units
核武器爆炸
服装销售技巧和话术Bolt Size,in.
Threads per inch
Stress Area,A in.2
Grade BC
Grade BD Tensile Strength,min,lbf B
Proof Load,min,lbf C
Yield Strength (0.2%offt),min,lbf D
Tensile Strength,min,lbf E
Proof Load,min,lbf F
Yield Strength (0.2%offt),min,lbf G
1
234567891⁄4200.03184000335034504750380041001⁄
4280.03644550382039505450435047005⁄16180.05246550550057007850630068005⁄
16240.05807250609063008700695075003⁄8160.0775970081508450116509300100753⁄
8240.087811000922095501320010500114007⁄16140.10631330011150116001595012750138507⁄
16200.11871484012470129001780014200154001⁄2130.14191775014900154502130017050185001⁄
2200.15991999016790174002400019200207509⁄16120.1822275019100198502730021850236009⁄
16
180.2032540021400221003040024400263505⁄8110.2262825023750246503390027100294005⁄8
180.2563200026800279003840030700332503⁄4100.3344175035050364005010040100434003⁄4160.3734660039100406505600044800484507⁄890.4625775048500503506930055450601007⁄8
14
0.509
63600
53400
55450
76400
61100
66150
180.6067575063650660509090072700788001120.663829006970072250994007960086150114UNS
0.679849007130074400101900815008825011⁄870.763954008010083150114450915509920011⁄880.7909875082950862001185009480010270011⁄8120.856107000898009330012840010270011125011⁄470.96912115010175010560014535011630012600011⁄48 1.00012500010500010900015000012000013000011⁄412 1.07313410011260011695016100012880013945013⁄86 1.15514440012130012590017325013860015020013⁄88 1.23315415012945013440018500014800016030013⁄812 1.31516440013810014330019720015780017095011⁄26 1.40517565014755015315021075016860018250011⁄28 1.49218650015665016225023380017505019400011⁄212 1.58119760016600017230023720018970020550013⁄45 1.9023750019950020710028500022800024700013⁄48 2.08260000218400226700312000249600270000
241⁄2 2.5031250026250027250037500030000032500028 2.7734625029085030195041500033240036000021⁄441⁄2 3.2540625034125035425048700039000042250021⁄48 3.5644500037380038805053400042220046280021⁄24 4.0050000042000043600060000048000052000021⁄28 4.4455000046620048395066600053280057720023⁄44 4.9356695046835048805069020051765056695023⁄48 5.43624450515850537550750200570150624450
34 5.9768655056715059105083580062685068655038 6.5174865061845064450091140068355074865031⁄447.1081650067450070290099400074550081650031⁄487.69884350730550761300107660080765088435031⁄248.33957950791350824650116620087465095795031⁄288.9610304008512008870501254400940800103040033⁄449.66111090091770095635013524001014300111090033⁄4810.3411991009833001023650144760010857001189100
4411.081274200105260010969001551200116340012742004
811.81135820011220001169200165340012400501358150
A Stress Area,in.2=0.7854[D −0.9743/n ]2where D =nominal diameter,in.,and n =threads/in.
B
Bad on 125000psi for sizes 1⁄4to 21⁄2in.,inclusive,and on 115000psi for sizes over 21⁄2to 4in.,inclusive.C
Bad on 105000psi for sizes 1⁄4to 21⁄2in.,inclusive,and on 95000psi for sizes over 21⁄2to 4in.,inclusive.D
Bad on 109000psi for sizes 1⁄4to 21⁄2in.,inclusive,and on 99000psi for sizes over 21⁄2to 4in.,inclusive.E
Bad on 150000psi for sizes 1⁄4to 21⁄2in.,inclusive,and on 140000psi for sizes over 21⁄2to 4in.,inclusive.F
Bad on 120000psi for
sizes 1⁄4to 21⁄2in.,inclusive,and on 105000psi for sizes over 21⁄2to 4in.,inclusive.G
Bad on 130000psi for sizes 1⁄4to 21⁄2in.,inclusive,and on 115000psi for sizes over 21⁄2to 4in.,inclusive.
9.5Number of Tests —The minimum number of tests from each production lot for the tests specified below shall be in accordance with Guide F 1470.
Hardness Coating Weight/Thickness Tensile Workmanship (Surface Disconti-nuities Section 8)
Proof Load
9.5.1The number of tests for dimensional and thread fit compliance shall be in accordance with the quality assurance provisions of the referenced dimensional standards.
9.6If any test specimen shows defective machining it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
10.Test Methods
10.1Test methods shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods F 606.
10.2Proof load,rather than yield strength determination is preferred and shall be the arbitration method for fasteners 11⁄4in.and under in diameter.
10.3Hexagon bolts shall be tested by the wedge tension method.Fracture shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without any fracture at the junction of the head and body.10.3.1At the option of the manufacturer,the yield strength test (Method 2,Yield Strength paragraph of Test Methods F 606)and the wedge tension test (Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product paragraph,both from the Test Method ction of Test Methods F 606)may be accomplished concur-rently to satisfy 10.2and 10.3.
10.4Studs and bolts other than tho in 10.3shall be tested by the axial tension method.
10.4.1At the option of the manufacturer,the yield strength test and the axial tension test may be accomplished concur-rently to satisfy 10.2and 10.4.
10.5The speed of testing determined with a free running crosshead shall be a maximum of 1⁄8in.(3.2mm)/min for the bolt proof load (or yield strength)determination and a maxi-mum of 1in.(25.4mm)/min for the tensile strength determi-nation.
11.Inspection
11.1If the inspection described in 11.2is required by the purchar,it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or purcha order.
11.2The inspector reprenting the purchar shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification.All tests and inspections required by the specifi-cation that are requested by the purchar’s reprentative shall be made before shipment,and shall be conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.12.Responsibility
零花钱
12.1The party responsible for the fastener shall be the organization that supplies the fastener to the purchar.13.Rejection and Rehearing
13.1Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected.Rejection should be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing.In ca of dissatisfaction with the results of the test,the producer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
14.Certification
14.1When specified on the purcha order,the manufac-turer or supplier,whichever is the responsibl
e party in accor-dance with Section 12,shall furnish the purchar a test report which includes the following:
14.1.1Product description,grade,quantity,ASTM Specifi-cation Number and issue date,
14.1.2Alloy grade (AISI,SAE,UNS,etc.),heat analysis,and heat number,and type of quench,
14.1.3Results of hardness,tensile,and proof load tests,as applicable,
14.1.4Statement of compliance to Protective Coating Specification (if applicable),
14.1.5Statement of compliance with the surface disconti-nuity requirements of Specification F 788/F 788M,14.1.6Statement of compliance dimensionally,
14.1.7Report,describe,or illustrate manufacturer’s mark-ings and their location,
14.1.8Lot number,purcha order number,and date shipped,
14.1.9Country of origin,and
14.1.10Title and signature of the individual assigned certi-fication responsibility by the company offic
ers,with complete mailing address.
14.2Failure to include all the required information on the test report shall be cau for rejection.
七月与安生结局15.Product Marking
15.1Manufacturers Identification —All products shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identifier to identify the manufacturer or private label distributor,as appropriate.15.2Grade Identification :
15.2.1All Grade BC products shall be marked “BC”.
15.2.2All Grade BD products shall be marked “BD”.In addition to the “BD”marking,the product may be marked with 6radial lines 60°apart if manufactured from alloy steel conforming to the requirements of this specification.15.3Marking Location and Methods :
15.3.1Bolts shall be marked on the top of the bolt head.15.3.2Where studs have both coar and fine threads,all markings shall appear on the coar thread end or,if preferred,the manufacturer’s identification shall appear on the fine thread end and the grade marking on the coar thread end.
TABLE 4Mechanical Requirements for Machined Specimens
Grade Size,in.
Tensile Strength min,psi
Yield Strength (0.2%offt),min,psi
Elonga-tion in 2in.min,%Reduc-tion of Area,
min,%BC 1⁄4
to 21⁄2,incl 1250001090001650BC Over 21⁄2115000990001645BD 1
⁄4to 21⁄2,incl 1500001300001440BD Over 21⁄2
140000115000
14
40
