肉的英语怎么读
Designation:A 490M –09
Standard Specification for
High-Strength Steel Bolts,Class 10.9and 10.9.3,for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 490M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for u by agencies of the Department of Defen.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification covers two types of quenched and tempered alloy steel,metric heavy hex structural bolts having a tensile strength of 1040to 1210MPa.
1.2The bolts are intended for u in structural connec-tions comparable to tho covered under the requirements of the Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325and A 490bolts,approved by the Rearch Council on Structural Connections;endord by the American Institute of Steel Construction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.2
1.3The bolts are furnished in nominal bolt diameters M12to M36,inclusive.They are designated by type denoting chemical composition as follows:
Type Description
Type 1Medium carbon alloy steel Type 2Withdrawn in 2002Type 3
Weathering steel
1.4This specification is applicable to metric heavy hex structural bolts and alternate designs as estab
lished by the Rearch Council in its publication,Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325and A 490bolts.
1.5For inch-pound bolts,e Specification A 490.
1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion,Section 13,of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its u.It is the responsibility of the ur of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to u.
2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:3
A 325Specification for Structural Bolts,Steel,Heat Treated,120/105ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A 490Specification for Structural Bolts,Alloy Steel,Heat Treated,150ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A 490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts,Class 10.9and 10.9.3,for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)
英语nA 751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
D 3951Practice for Commercial Packaging
E 384Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terials
E 709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing E 1444Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
F 436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)F 568M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally Threaded Metric Fasteners (Metric)
F 606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers,and Rivets (Metric)
F 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,Screws,and Studs,Inch and Metric Series
F 959M Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Di-rect Tension Indicators for U With Structural Fasteners (Metric)
F 1136M Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Pro-tective Coatings for Fasteners (Metric)
F 1470Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance Inspection F 1789Terminology for F16Mechanical Fasteners
G 101Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02on Steel Bolts,Nuts,Rivets and Washers.
Current edition approved May 1,2009.Published May 2009.Originally approved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2008as A 490M –08.2
重操旧业的意思
Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC),One E.Wacker Dr.,Suite 700,Chicago,IL 60601-2001,www.aisc..
3
For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM webbiest,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM webbiest.
1
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United
States.
Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels 2.2ASME Standards:4
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads
B18.2.3.7M Metric Heavy Hex Structural Bolts
B18.24Part Identifying Number (PIN)Code System Stan-dard for B18Fastener Products 2.3ISO Standards:4
7412Hexagon Bolts for High Strength Structural
Bolting With Large Width Across Flats (Short Thread Length)–Product Grade C–Property Class 8.
8and 10.92.4SAE Standards 5:
J121Decarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Fasteners
2.5IFI Standard 6:
IFI 144Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualifica-tion Intended for U on High-Strength Structural Bolts 3.Terminology
3.1Terms ud in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789,unless otherwi defined herein.
4.Ordering Information
4.1Orders for bolts under this specification shall include the following (e Note 1):
4.1.1Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories);
4.1.2Size,including nominal bolt diameter,thread pitch,and bolt length;
4.1.3Name of product:metric heavy hex structural bolts;4.1.4Type of bolt (Type 1or 3).When type is n
ot specified,either Type 1or Type 3shall be furnished at the supplier’s option;
4.1.5ASTM designation and year of issue;
4.1.6Other components such as nuts,washers,and washer-type direct tension indicators,if required;
4.1.7Certification,if required (e Section 16);and
4.1.8Protective Coating per Specification F 1136M ,Grade 3,if required.See
5.3.
4.1.9Special requirements,if required.
4.1.10For establishment of a part identifying system,e ASME B18.24.
N OTE 1—A typical ordering description follows:1000pieces M24333100mm long,heavy hex structural bolt,Type 1,ASTM A 490M–03;each with two hardened washers,ASTM F 436M ,Type 1;and one heavy hex nut,ASTM A 563M ,Grade DH.
4.2Recommended Nuts
4.2.1Nuts conforming to the requirements of Specification A 563M are the recommended nuts for u with Specification A 490M heavy hex structural bolts.The nuts shall be of the class and have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows.
Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish
1,plain (uncoated)
A 563M —10S,10S3,plain (uncoated)1,coated in accordance with F 1136M ,Grade 3
A 563M —10S,10S3
coated in accordance with F 1136M ,Grade 5
3,weathering steel
A 563M —10S3,weathering steel
4.3Recommended Washers
4.3.1Washers conforming to Specification F 436M are the recommended washers for u with Speci
fication F 490M heavy hex structural bolts.The washers shall have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows.
Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish 1,plain (uncoated)
plain (uncoated)
1,coated in accordance with F 1136M ,Grade 3coated in accordance with F 1136M ,Grade 33,weathering steel
weathering steel
4.4Other Accessories
4.4.1When compressible washer type tension indicators are specified to be ud with the bolts,they shall conform to Specification F 959M ,Type 10.9.
5.Materials and Manufacture
5.1Heat Treatment —Type 1and Type 3bolts shall be heat treated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature and then tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than 425°C.
5.2Threading —The threads shall be cut or rolled.5.3Protective Coatings :
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,www.asme.5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),400Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,PA 15096-0001,www.sae.6
Available form Industrial Fastener Institute (IFI),6363Oak tree Boulevard,Independence.OH 44131,www.industrial-fasteners.
TABLE 1Chemical Requirements for Type 1Bolts
Element
Heat Analysis,%
Product Analysis,%Carbon
For sizes through M300.30–0.480.28–0.50For size M360.35–0.530.33–0.55Phosphorus,max 0.0400.045Sulfur,max
0.040
0.045Alloying Elements
→See 6.1
←
TABLE 2Chemical Requirements for Type 3Bolts
Element
Heat Analysis,%
Product Analysis,%
Carbon
Sizes M20and smaller 0.20–0.530.19–0.55Sizes larger than M20.0.30–0.530.28–0.55Mangane,min 0.400.37Phosphorus,max 0.0350.040Sulfur,max 0.0400.045Copper
0.20–0.600.17–0.63Chromium,min 0.450.42Nickel,
min or
0.200.17Molybdenum,min
0.15
0.14
2
标准分享网 免费下载
5.3.1When a protective coating is required and specified,the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coatings in accordance with F 1136M Grade 3,which has been qualified in accordance with IFI 1447.
5.3.2No other metallic coatings are permitted unless autho-rized by Committee F1
6.Future consideration of any coating will be bad on a review of test results submitted to Commit-tee F16in accordance with the requirements of IFI 144.6.Chemical Composition
6.1Type 1bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition requirements in Table 1.The steel shall contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloy steel (e Note 2).
N OTE 2—Steel is considered to be alloy,by the American Iron and Steel Institute,when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the following limits:mangane,1.65%;silicon,0.60%;copper,0.60%;or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of
the recognized field of constructional alloy steels:aluminum,chromium up to 3.99%,cobalt,columbium,molybde-num,nickel,titanium,tungsten,vanadium,zirconium,or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
6.2Type 3bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to the chemical composition requirements in Table 2.See Guide G 101for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steel.
6.3Product analys made on finished bolts reprenting each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirements specified in Table 1or Table 2,as applicable.
6.4Applications of heats of steel to which bismuth,le-nium,tellurium,or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for bolts.Compliance with this requirement shall be bad on a statement on the steel certificate indicating that the elements were not intentionally added.
6.5Chemical analys shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A 751.
7.Mechanical Properties
7.1Hardness —The bolts shall conform to the hardness specified in Table 3.
7.2Tensile Properties :
7.2.1Except as permitted in 7.2.2for long bolts and 7.2.3for short bolts,nominal bolt diameters M24and smaller having a length of 21⁄4D and longer,and nominal bolt diameters larger than M24having a length of 3D and longer shall be wedge tested full size and shall conform to the minimum wedge tensile load,and proof load or alternative proof load specified in Table 4.The load achieved during proof load testing shall be equal to or greater than the specified proof load.
7.2.2When the length of the bolt makes full-size testing impractical,machined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 5.When bolts are tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,the full-size test shall take precedence.
7.2.3Nominal bolt diameters M24and smaller having a length shorter than 21⁄4D down to 2D inclusive,which cannot be wedge tensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proof load specified in Table 4.Nominal bolt diameters M24and smaller having a length shorter than 2D which cannot be axially tensile tested shall be qualified on the basis of hardness.
7.2.4For bolts on which both hardness and tension tests are performed,acceptance bad on tensile requirements shall take precedence in the event of low hardness readings.
8.Carburization/Decarburization
8.1Definition —This test is intended to evaluate the pres-ence or abnce of carburization and decarburization as deter-mined by the difference in microhardness near the surface and core.
8.2Requirements :
8.2.1Carburization —The bolts shall show no evidence of a carburized surface when evaluated in accordance with the hardness methods established in SAE J121.
8.2.2Decarburization —Hardness value differences shall not exceed the requirements t forth for decarburization in SAE J121for Class 2/3H materials.
8.3Procedure —Testing for carburization/decarburization shall be performed in accordance with the microhardness (referee)methods established in SAE J121.
9.Dimensions
9.1Head and Body :
9.1.1The bolts shall conform to the dimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASME B18.2.3.7M for nomi-nal bolt diameter M16to M36inclusive and ISO 7412for size M12.
9.2Threads :
9.2.1Threads shall Metric Coar Thread Series as specified in ASME B1.13M ,and shall have Grade 6g tolerance.
9.2.2The thread length shall not be changed from that specified for heavy hex structural bolts in ASME B18.2.3.7M and ISO 7412in 9.1.1.Bolts requiring thread lengths other than tho required by this specification shall be ordered under Specification F 568M ,Class 10.9and 10.9.3.
10.Workmanship
10.1The allowable limits,inspection,and evaluation of the surface discontinuities,quench cracks,forging cracks,head
7
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Rearch Report RR:F16–1001.
TABLE 3Hardness Requirements for Bolt Sizes
M12to M36Inclusive
Nominal Bolt Diameter,mm Length A
Brinell Rockwell C min max min max M12to M24,Less than 2D 3113523339inclusive
2D and longer ...39Over M24to M36,Less than 3D 3113523339inclusive
3D and longer
...
352
...
39
A
Heavy hex structural bolts M24and smaller and shorter than 2D are subject only to minimum and maximum hardness.Heavy hex structural bolts larger than M24to M36inclusive and shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and maximum
hardness.
3
bursts,shear bursts,ams,folds,thread laps,voids,tool
marks,nicks,and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F788/F788M.
11.Magnetic Particle Inspection for Longitudinal
Discontinuities and Transver Cracks
11.1Requirements:
11.1.1Each sample reprentative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal disc
ontinuities and transver cracks.
11.1.2The lot,as reprented by the sample,shall be free from nonconforming bolts,as defined in11.3,when inspected in accordance with11.2-11.2.4.
11.2Inspection Procedure:
11.2.1The inspection sample shall be lected at random from each lot in accordance with Table6and examined for longitudinal discontinuities and transver cracks.
11.2.2Magnetic particle inspection shall be conducted in accordance with Guide E709or Practice E1444.Guide E709 shall be ud for referee purpos.If any nonconforming bolt is found during the manufacturer’s examination of the lot lected in11.2.1,the lot shall be100%magnetic particle inspected,and all nonconforming bolts shall be removed and scrapped or destroyed.
11.2.3Eddy current or liquid penetrant inspection shall be an acceptable substitute for the100%magnetic particle inspection when nonconforming bolts are found and100% inspection is required.On completion of the eddy current or liquid penetrant inspection,a random sample lected from each lot in accordance with Table6shall be reexamined by the magnetic particle method.In ca of controversy,the magnetic particle test shall take precedence.
11.2.4Magnetic particle indications of themlves shall not be cau for rejection.If in the opinion of the quality assurance reprentative the indications may be cau for rejection,a sample taken in accordance with Table6shall be examined by microscopic examination or removal by surface grinding to determine if the indicated discontinuities are within the speci-fied limits.
11.3Definitions:
TABLE4Tensile Load Requirements for Full-Size Bolts Nominal Bolt Diameter
and Thread Pitch,
mm Stress Area,A mm2
月子可以吃水果吗
Tensile Load,B kN
Proof Load,B
kN
Alternative Proof
Load,B
kN
min max
Length Measure-
ment Method
Yield Strength
Method
Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6 M1231.7584.387.71037079.2 M1632157163190130148 M2032.5245255296203230 M2232.5303315366251285 M2433353367427293332 M2733459477555381431 M3033.5561583679466527 M3634817850989678768
A The stress area is calculated as follows:
A s=0.7854[D−(0.9382P)2
where:
A s=stress area,mm2
D=nominal bolt size,mm,and
n=thread pitch,mm.
失业救助B Loads tabulated and loads to be ud for tests of full-size bolts larger than36mm in diameter are bad on the following:
Nominal Bolt Diameter,mm Column3Column4Column5Column6 M12to M36
inclusive
1040MPa1210MPa830MPa940MPa
TABLE5Tensile Strength Requirements for Specimens
Machined from Bolts
Nominal Bolt Diameter,mm
Tensile
Strength,
MPa
Yield
Strength
(0.2%
offt),
min,MPa
Elongation
in50mm,
min,%
Reduction
of Area,
min,% min max
M12to M36, inclusive 104012109401440
TABLE6Sample Sizes with Acceptance and Rejection Numbers
for Inspection of Rejectable Longitudinal Discontinuities and
Transver Cracks
Lot Size Sample Size,A
Acceptance
Number A
Rejection
Number
2to50all01
51to5005001
501to12008001
1201to320012501
3201to1000020001
A Inspect all bolts in the lot if lot size is less than sample size.
形容幸福的词语
4标准分享网 免费下载
11.3.1Nonconforming Bolts—Any bolt with a longitudinal discontinuity(located parallel to the axis of the bolt in the threads,body,fillet,or underside of head),with a depth normal to the surface greater than0.03D,where D is the nominal diameter in millimetres,shall be considered nonconforming.In addition,any bolt with a transver crack(located perpendicu-lar to the axis of the bolt in the threads,body,fillet,or underside of head)detectable by magnetic particle inspection when examined as specified in11.2.4,shall be considered nonconforming.
12.Number of Tests and Retests
12.1Testing Responsibility:
12.1.1Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior to shipment in accordance with the lot identification control quality assurance plan in12.2-12.5.
12.1.2When bolts are furnished by a source other than the manufacturer,the Responsible Party as defined in18.1shall be responsible for assuring all tests have been performed and the bolts comply with the requirements of this specification. 12.2Purpo of Lot Inspection—The purpo of a lot inspection program shall be to ensure that each lot as repre-nted by the samples tested conforms to the requirements of this specification.For such a plan to be fully effective,it is esntial that cond
ary processors,distributors,and purchas-ers maintain the identification and integrity of each lot until the product is installed.
12.3Lot Method—All bolts shall be procesd in accor-dance with a lot identification-control quality assurance plan. The manufacturer,condary processors,and distributors shall identify and maintain the integrity of each lot of bolts from raw-material lection through all processing operations and treatments tofinal packing and shipment.Each lot shall be assigned its own lot-identification number,each lot shall be tested,and the inspection test reports for each lot shall be retained.
12.4Lot Definition:
12.4.1Standard Lot—A lot shall be a quantity of uniquely identified heavy hex structural bolts of the same nominal bolt diameter and length produced concutively at the initial operation from a single mill heat of material and procesd at one time,by the same process,in the same manner,so that statistical sampling is valid.The identity of the lot and lot integrity shall be maintained throughout all subquent opera-tions and packaging.
12.5Number of Tests:
12.5.1The minimum number of tests from each lot for the tests specified below shall be as follows:
Tests Number of Tests in Accordance with Hardness,tensile strength,proof load Guide F1470
Coating weight/thickness Specification F1136M A
Surface discontinuities Specification F788/F788M
Magnetic particle inspection Table6
Dimensions and threadfit ASME B18.2.3.7M and ASME B1.13M A Guide F1470applies if the coating specification does not specify a testing frequency.
12.5.2For carburization and decarburization tests,not less than one sample unit per manufactured lot shall be tested for microhardness.
13.Test Methods
13.1Tensile,Proof Load,and Hardness:
13.1.1Tensile,proof load,and hardness tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods F606M.
13.1.2Tensile strength shall be determined using the Wedge or Axial Tension Testing Method of Full Size Product Method or the Machined Test Specimens Method,depending on size and length as specified in7.2.1-7.2.4.Fracture on full-size tests shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without a fracture at the junction of the head and body.
13.1.3Proof load shall be determined using Method1, Length Measurement,or Method2,Yield Strength,at the option of the manufacturer.
13.2Carburization/Decarburization—Tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with SAE J121Hardness Method. 13.3Microhardness—Tests shall be conducted in accor-dance with Test Method E384.
13.4Magnetic Particle—Inspection shall be conducted in accordance with Section11.
14.Inspection
14.1If the inspection described in14.2is required by the purchar,it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or order.
14.2The purchar’s reprentative shall have free entry to all parts of manufacturer’s works or supp
热田神宫
lier’s place of business that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer or supplier shall afford the purchar’s reprentative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-tion.All tests and inspections required by the specification that are requested by the purchar’s reprentative shall be made before shipment,and shall be conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the manufacturer’s works or supplier’s place of business.
15.Rejection and Rehearing
15.1Disposition of nonconforming bolts shall be in accor-dance with the ction titled“Disposition of Nonconforming Lots”in Guide F1470.
16.Certification
16.1When specified on the purcha order,the manufac-turer or supplier,whichever is the responsible party as defined in Section17,shall furnish the purchar a test report that includes the following:
16.1.1Heat analysis,heat number,and a statement certify-ing that heats having bismuth,lenium,tellurium,or lead intentionally added were not ud to produce the bolts;
16.1.2Results of hardness,tensile,and proof load tests; 16.1.3Results of magnetic particle inspection for longitu-dinal discontinuities and transver cracks;
16.1.4Results of tests and inspections for surface disconti-nuities including visual inspection for head bursts;
16.1.5Results of carburization and decarburization
婉转的反义词
tests; 5
