FM Global
Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets10-3
May2002
Revid May2003
Page1of10平板运动
HOT WORK MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
Page 1.0SCOPE (2)
1.1Changes (2)
2.0LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS (2)
2.1Introduction/Hot Work Definition (2)
2.2Human Factor (2)
2.2.1Management Commitment (2)
2.2.2Hot Work Management Process (2)
2.2.3Hot Work Training (4)
2.2.4Hot Work Managing Audit/Update (4)
3.0SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS (5)
3.1Additional Information (5)
3.1.1Hot Work Management (5)
3.1.2Sample Policy (6)
3.1.3Alternative to the35ft(11m)rule (6)
3.1.4Elevated Hot Work (7)
3.1.5FM Global Hot Work Permit System (7)
3.1.6Fire Watch (7)
3.1.7Hot Work Audit (8)
3.1.8Outside Contractors (8)
3.2Loss History (9)
4.0REFERENCES (9)
4.1FM Global (9)
4.2NFPA Standards (9)
APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS (9)
APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY (10)
List of Tables
山东大学威海分校
Table1.Fire Caus vs.Contractor Involvement (8)
©2003Factory Mutual Insurance Company.All rights rerved.No part of this document may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in whole or in part,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,
photocopying,recording,or otherwi,without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.
1.0SCOPE
This data sheet provides guidance for developing an effective process to manage hot work operations.The development of such a management process can eliminate the potential for a loss due to hot work ignition. All property loss caud by hot work as an ignition source are preventable.
1.1Changes
May2003.Small revision to ction titled‘‘3.2Illustrative Loss’’.Also,minor editorial changes were made for this revision.
2.0LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS
2.1Introduction/Hot Work Definition
Hot work comes in a variety of applications each with its own heat source verity.All hot work in and of itlf is a fire hazard that left unmanaged will create high probability conditions for property loss.Under the right conditions,hot work heat sources with the lowest temperature ratings can easily ignite products that em most difficult to burn.
Hot work is any temporary or permanent operation involving open flames or producing heat and/or sparks. This includes but is not limited to:brazing,cutting,grinding,soldering,torch applied roofing and welding.The definition of hot work can be applied to activities within a facility such as normal manufacturing process, periodic/planned maintenance activities,new construction work and emergency repairs.
2.2Human Factor
2.2.1Management Commitment
2.2.1.1Provide management commitment at each property by direct support and leadership from nior management.This is necessary for effective hot work management control process.Start by establish-ing a formal policy statement on hot work management along with required hot work operating procedures, and post it conspicuously.Include specific assignments of responsibility and accountability to operate and maintain this process,and indicate the conquences for failing to obrve the rules involved.Communi-cate this policy clearly to all employees and outside contractors.Give an especially high priority to the direct supervision of contractors.
2.2.2Hot Work Management Process
辛苦2.2.2.1Avoid hot work when possible.Consider all alternative methods to hot work.Some alternative methods include:
•Mechanical removal and relocation of frozen piping to a heated area vs.thawing of piping in place with any form of hot work
•Manual hydraulic shears vs.saw/torch cutting
•Mechanical bolting vs.welding
•Screwed or flanged pipe vs.sweat soldering
•Reciprocating saw vs.radial saw
•Standard mechanically attached/fully adhered Approved(e Appendix A for definition)roof system vs.a torch applied roof system
•Mechanical pipe h or radial saw cutting
•Approved lf-drilling or compresd air-actuated steel roof deck fasteners vs.puddle welding
•A roof covering system that is not torch-applied instead of one which is torch-applied.
2.2.2.2Prohibit hot work in areas where hot work cannot be conducted safely under any conditions or where extensive preparation and planning are required to make the area/equipment fire-safe.When the condi-tions exist,designate the area and/or equipment involved as a‘‘No Hot Work Area’’and prominently post this restriction.Examples of a‘‘No Hot Work Area’’can include:
•Areas/equipment that contain/handle flammable liquids,flammable gas,combustible dusts or combustible metals
•Partitions,walls,ceilings or roofs with combustible plastic coverings or ,expanded plastic insulation,sandwich panels)
•Rubber lined equipment
•Oxygen enriched atmosphere
春节假期•Storage and handling of oxidizer materials
•Storage and handling of explosives
When hot work must be conducted in areas or equipment containing hazardous process as described above,follow the specific precautions outlined below.
2.2.2.3When possible,relocate hot work to a suitably arranged and isolated fixed hot work station.Locate fixed hot work in noncombustible buildings or combustible building areas with cured and aled1hr fire rated noncombustible barriers over combustible floors,walls and ceilings.Maintain
the fixed hot work sta-tion free of combustible materials and isolate it from surrounding combustible occupancies with physical non-combustible enclosures or open space of at least35ft(11m).Provide manual fire extinguishers throughout the fixed hot work station.
2.2.2.4If the materials or equipment cannot be relocated to a fixed hot work station,and hot work is unavoid-able,u the least hazardous form of hot work that will get the job ,electric iron or heat gun vs. propane torch).
NOTE:The hot work options still require hot work management.
2.2.2.5Manage any hot work conducted outside of a designated,fixed hot work station using a formal hot work permit system.Bad on the FM Global Hot Work Permit System,implement hot work fire prevention precautions as follows:
•Maintain automatic sprinkler protection and other fixed fire protection systems in rvice and fully operational.儿童废品做手工
•Provide manual firefighting equipment appropriate for the construction/occupancy hazards in the hot work area.
•Maintain hot work equipment in good repair.
•Separate hot work operations from combustibles by a minimum of35ft(11m)of open space from grade level hot work areas.An alternative is to u proper fire resistive welding blankets and screens to properly isolate the hot work from the adjacent combustible occupancies.
•The following fire safety precautions listed on FM Global’s Hot Work Permit apply to the surface area within 35ft(11m)of the hot work.The major purpo is to isolate fuels from sparks.Within this area:
a)Sweep floors clean,removing any spilled grea or oil.Cover floors made of combustible material
(e.g.,boards on joist,plank on steel,wood block)with fire-resistant tarpaulins or other noncombustible
material.
b)Remove any flammable liquids(paints,oils and lacquers)from the hot work area.
c)Protect combustibles that cannot be moved with fire resistive tarpaulins or metal shields.This includes
all storage or machinery with grea or lint deposits.Hot work blankets ud to cover combustible materials or construction that cannot be relocated from the hot work area should always be‘‘tented’’.
d)Cover all wall and floor openings.Plug floor openings with an Approved fire stop material.Seal duct-
work and duct openings with metal covers or cover them with fire-resistive tarpaulins.Clo all doors and fire doors to prevent sparks from escaping.
•Either eliminate explosive atmospheres(dust or vapor)or prohibit the hot work.Shut down any process that produces explosive atmospheres,and continuously monitor the area for accumulation of combus-tible gas before,during and after hot work.Prohibit hot work where accumulations of volatiles or combustibles are vere and cannot be eliminated.
•Prohibit hot work on partitions,walls,ceilings or roofs with combustible plastic coverings or , expanded plastic insulation,sandwich panels).
•Schedule hot work during shutdown periods if possible.
•Secure,isolate and vent pressurized vesls,piping and equipment as needed prior to initiating hot
work. Clean combustible and/or flammable liquids,gas and solids whenever prent within the equipment, prior to initiating hot work.
•For hot work on vesls or boilers,u only contractors who are qualified by a nationally or internationally recognized boiler and pressure vesl code.
•Assign a designated fire watch to the hot work operation before this work is started.Maintain a continu-ous fire watch during the hot work activity,throughout all break and lunch periods,and for at least one hour following the completion of the hot work.Beyond this,monitor the area for up to an additional3hours, depending on local conditions.
•Avoid hot work of any kind in areas handling,processing or storing flammable liquids or gas. Hot work provides an ignition source in an area where fuel is available in significant quantities and in a readily ignitable form.Ideally,relocate any hot work operation within a flammable liquid or gas occu-pancy to a non-hazardous location.When relocation is not possible,the following additional precautions should be implemented:
a)Drain all equipment or piping in the area of flammable and combustible liquids.
b)Steam clean equipment or pipe to be worked on or provide with an inert atmosphere,to prevent cre-
ation of a flammable atmosphere(e Data Sheet7-59,Inerting and Purging of Tanks,Process Vesls, and Equipment).
c)Shut off pipe supplying the area with flammable and combustible liquids off at the source(valve should
be locked shut to prevent unexpected opening).If the piping is to be worked on,blank it off.
d)Check equipment or piping with an Approved portable oxygen analyzer(e Data Sheet5-49,Gas
and Vapor Detectors and Analysis Systems)before and during the hot work.This is to ensure that sufficient oxygen to support combustion is not prent inside the equipment or piping.
大阅兵观后感e)Protect all permanent storage tanks or piping(that cannot be moved or drained)against physical con-
tact and heat from hot work equipment.Preferably all equipment that is within reach of the hot work e
quip-ment(grinder,welding rod holder,cutting torch,etc.)will be drained,purged and inerted.If this is not possible due to the quantities of flammable liquids involved,provide physical protection for clod flam-mable liquid equipment by placing welding curtains and temporary barriers between the equipment and the hot work.Carefully review the area to ensure that no vents or other openings are near the hot work that could allow fumes to come into contact with any sparks or hot surfaces.
f)Keep mechanical exhaust ventilation in the room/building in operation.
g)U a portable combustible gas analyzer before and during the work.If any detectable readings are
obtained,then work cannot begin or continue until the source is found and suitably mitigated such that the concentration is maintained below10%of the LFL.
2.2.3Hot Work Training
2.2.
3.1Develop a hot work training curriculum for all management,full time and temporary employees,and contractors.Certify employees annually who will be responsible for authorizing or mo
nitoring hot work activi-ties.Certify contractors in safe hot work procedures more often and as needed,which could be prior to every job.Develop a‘‘contractor version’’of the hot work training program which focus on the issues of impor-tance to them to avoid an unsafe hot work condition.Empower trained employees to have the authority to immediately stop a hot work operation not conforming to established safe procedures.
2.2.4Hot Work Managing Audit/Update
2.2.4.1Create a formal in-hou audit process to ensure hot work management process and procedures are being conducted properly and any needed changes and/or improvements are promptly implemented.
3.0SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS
八上历史知识点总结
3.1Additional Information
3.1.1Hot Work Management
As with all operations that may create a hazard,all consideration should be given to determine if the hot work can be avoided.The fire safety supervisor,or equivalently trained,or authorized personnel sh
ould be responsible for facilitating the entire Hot Work Management Process.Place fire safe methods ahead of tho methods that might save a little time or labor and material expen.Hot work alternative methods should always be considered for temporary repairs that will provide a satisfactory short-term solution.This is espe-cially important where shutting down production operations in order to conduct hot work in a safe manner is impractical.
If automatic fire detection devices that are prent in the immediate area need to be disabled to prevent nuisance alarms and/or actuation of suppression systems,follow safe impairment procedures to ensure restoration when the work is completed.When disabling of fire detection systems will impair fixed fire pro-tection systems,carefully evaluate the hazards prent and the risk of a hot work fire.
Damaged or leaking hos or ho attachments are of particular concern on torch cutting and welding equip-ment.Contractor’s equipment should be inspected to ensure it is in suitable condition prior to allowing it to be ud on site.Hot work equipment that involves flammable gas or liquids should be normally stored
酒吧钢管舞in areas properly protected and arranged in accordance with FM Global Data Sheet7-50,Compresd Gas In Cylinders.
The fire watch should be trained to recognize the area construction and occupancy hazards.That person also should be capable of operating manual firefighting equipment in the hot work area.Additionally,he or she should know the facility procedures for emergency notification to plant management personnel,facility emergency respon personnel and/or the public fire department in the event of an emergency condition. For training,include some basic education in the definition of hot work,the fire hazard hot work repre-nts,and how unsupervid hot work can cau vere property loss.Indicate the need to avoid hot work whenever possible by using fire safe alternative methods.Include ways to prevent loss initiated by hot work and cite hot work policies/procedures adopted by nior management along with responsibilities, accountabilities,and conquences.Provide information to understand the hazard of hot work,and appreciate the value of an effective formal hot work management program.
Training for contractors should be comprehensive and address not only the fire hazard of hot work,but facility construction and occupancy hazards,basic fire prevention measures/precautions,emergency communication/respon procedures,and required maintenance of hot work equipment.
Most facilities with good records of preventing hot work fires u formal permit systems.In many cas
es the FM Global Hot Work Permit System is ud,but some companies u an internal system which should be equivalent to FM Global’s.Permit systems are invaluable tools to manage hot work conducted by employ-ees or outside contractors,but still require competent personnel to administer the necessary fire preven-tion safeguards.Under a permit system,the fire-safety supervisor authorizes hot work only under specific fire-safe conditions.FM Global’s Hot Work Permit(Form2630)meets or expands upon the National Fire Protection Association’s National Fire Codes cutting and welding recommendations.
Managing hot work and minimizing the risk of property loss caud by hot work involves educating manage-ment,employees,and contractors about the caus of hot work fires and explosions and factors that make them more vere.Management,employees,and contractors must accept full responsibility for control-ling hot work operations.A hot work program is effective only if it is properly maintained,continuously reviewed and updated as needed.Facility personnel involved with overeing this process must understand all the con-struction and occupancy hazards within their facility.Alternative methods to hot work should be riously con-sidered for every job.Personnel who directly authorize and supervi hot work management should be empowered to not allow shortcuts in fire prevention efforts when hot work is the only acceptable alternative.