Designation:A962/A962M–04
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials,or Both,Intended for U at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A962/A962M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall apply to carbon,alloy and stainless steel fasteners or fastener materials,or both,under any of the following ASTM Specifications(or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
Title of Specifications ASTM Designation Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials
for High-Temperature Service
A193/A193M
Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High
Pressure and High-Temperature Service
A194/A194M
Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature
Service
A320/A320M
Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service
A437/A437M
High-Temperature Bolting Materials With Expansion
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels
A453/A453M
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A540/A540M
1.2In ca of conflict the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over tho of this specifica-tion.
1.3Additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchar and supplier.
1.4Values stated in either inch-pound or SI units(metric) are to be regarded parately.The SI units are shown in brackets within the text and tables.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents,therefore,each system shall be ud independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.Inch-pound units shall apply unless the“M”designa-tion of the product specification is specified in the order.
2.Referenced Documents
The following documents shall form a part of this specifi-cation to the extent specified.The latest issue shall apply unless otherwi specified.
2.1ASTM Standards:2
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought,General Requirements for
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service,or Both
A320/A320M Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting Ma-terials for Low-Temperature Service
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A437/A437M Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
A453/A453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolt-ing Materials,With Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars,Billets,and Forgings
A540/A540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Ma-terials for Special Applications
A574Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap Screws
A700Practices for Packaging,Marking,and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A788Specification for Steel Forgings,General Require-ments
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpo Applications.
Current edition approved May1,2004.Published June2004.Originally approved in1997.Last previous edition approved in2003as A962/A962M-03.
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
1
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
E 3Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens E 381Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars,Billets,Blooms,and Forgings
E 384Test Method for Microhardness of Materials E 1417Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination E 1444Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
E 1916Guide for Identification and/or Segregation of Mixed Lots of Metals
F 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,Screws,and Studs,Inch and Metric Series 2.2ANSI Standards:B1.1Screw Threads 3
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads –M Profile 3
泰国旅游签证怎么办理B1.2Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads 3
B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability of Metric Screw Threads 3B18.2.1Square and Hex Bolts and Screws 3
B18.3Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws 32.3Other Documents:
ASNT Recommended Practice No.SNT-TC-1A 4
3.Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1bar —a solid rolled or forged ction that is long in relationship to its cross-ctional dimensions with a relatively constant cross ction throughout its length.See Specification A 29/A 29M for definitions relating to the production of hot wrought and cold finished bars.
3.1.2bolting material —rolled or forged bars or blanks,wire,rod,threaded bar,rotary pierced or extruded amless tubes,bored bars,or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar gments to be manufactured into bolts,screws,studs,washers,and nuts.
3.1.3certifying organization —the company or association responsible for the conformance and marking of the product to the specification requirements.
3.1.4class —a term ud to differentiate between different heat treatment conditions or strength levels,or both,often within the same grade but sometimes within the same family of materials.May also apply to work hardened condition or strength level,or both.
3.1.5grade —an alloy described individually and identified by its own designation in a table of chemical requirements within any specification.
3.1.6killed steel —steel deoxidized,by addition of strong deoxidizing agents or by vacuum treatment,to reduce the oxygen content to such a level that no reaction occurs between carbon and oxygen during solidification.
3.1.7length,fasteners subject to full size testing —that portion of the fastener who body diameter is approximately the same as the nominal thread size.
3.1.8lot —unless otherwi specified,a lot shall consist of:3.1.8.1bolting material,heat treated in batch type furnaces —all material of the same heat or cast of material,
condition,finish,and size subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering charge and submitted for inspection at the same time.
3.1.8.2bolting material,heat treated in continuous type furnaces —all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition,finish,and size heat treated without interruption in a continuous type furnace during an eight hour period.
3.1.8.3bolting material,non heat treated (strain hardened)—all material of the same heat or cast of material,condition,reduction (cold work),finish and size.
3.1.8.4fasteners,machined from bolting material —all fas-teners machined from the same lot of material defined as outlined in either 3.1.8.1or 3.1.8.2,above without any sub-quent heat treatment or hot or cold forming.
3.1.8.5fasteners,heat treated in batch type furnaces —all items produced by any technique (forming,machining,etc.)from the same heat or cast of material,of the same prior condition,the same size,and subjected to the same heat treatment in one tempering charge.
3.1.8.6fasteners,heat treated in continuous type furnaces —all items produced by any technique (for
ming,machining,etc.)from the same heat or cast of material,of the same prior condition,of the same size,subjected to the same heat treatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.3.1.8.7fasteners,non heat treated (strain hardened)—all fasteners of the same heat or cast of material,condition,reduction (cold work),finish and size.
3.1.8.8strain hardened material —austenitic stainless steel material which has been subjected to cold working sufficient to cau a significant increa in strength.
4.Ordering Information
4.1It is the purchar’s responsibility to specify in the purcha order all information necessary to purcha the needed material.Examples of such information include,but are not limited,to the following:4.1.1Quantity and size,
4.1.2Product specification number with grade,class,type,as applicable,and including the product specification year date,4.1.3Any additional information required by the individual product specification,
4.1.4Supplementary requirements,
4.1.5Additional requirements (e
5.2,5.4,5.5,
6.1,
7.4,12.1,12.3.1,12.3.3,12.5.2,12.6,14.8,and 1
8.1).
4.1.6Additional ordering options provided in the individual product specification,and
4.1.7Dimensions (diameter,length of point,overall length,finish,shape,threads,etc.).
5.Melting Process
5.1Unless otherwi specified in the individual product specification,the steel shall be fully killed.U of the basic oxygen process shall be limited to grades containing less than 6%chromium.
劳动委员工作总结5.2If a specific type of melting is required by the purchar,it shall be stated on the purcha order.
3坚持不懈的拼音
Available from American National Standards Institute,25W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing,P.O.Box 28518,1711Arlingate Lane,Columbus,OH
42228-0518
5.3The primary melting may incorporate parate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by condary melting such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting.If cond-ary melting is employed,the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remelted from a single primary heat.
南信双皮奶5.4Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast. When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is required.The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that positively parates the grades.Should the purchar deem it necessary to have the transition zone of two heats of the same grade which are continuously cast discarded, the purchar shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S53.
5.5Quality—The steel producer quality control procedures shall provide sufficient testing of carbon a
nd alloy steels in accordance with Method E381or other suitable method as agreed upon between the purchar and the producer to assure the internal quality of the product.
5.5.1Ingot Cast Product—Visual examination of transver ctions shall show no imperfections wor than the macro-graphs of Method E381S2-R2-C3or equivalent as agreed upon.
5.5.2Strand Cast Product—Visual examination of traver ctions in accordance with Method E381shall reveal none of the conditions shown in macrographs1-5,7,12-18of Plate III. Conditions6,8-11shall not be prent to a degree greater than the macrographs of Plates I and II,S2-R2-C3.
6.Materials and Manufacture
6.1Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica-tions A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable.Finish(hot or cold,ground,rough turned,drawn,etc.)shall be at the option of the manufacturer unless otherwi specified.
6.2Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the product specification.
7.Chemical Composition
7.1Chemical Analysis—Heat or product chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A751.
7.2Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of tho elements specified in the individual product specifi-cation.If condary melting process are employed,the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt.The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-ments of the individual product specification.Product analysis (check analysis)tolerances shall not be applied to heat analysis requirements.
7.3Product Analysis—When performed,by manufacturer, purchar,end ur,and so forth,samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanical test specimens.The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specification,within the permissible tolerances found in Tables5and6of Specification A29/A29M and Table1of Specification A484/A484M as appropriate for the grade being supplied.When multiple samples are taken from the same lot for product analysis individual elements shall not vary both above and below the specified range.
7.4For continuous cast materials the requirements of8.2or
8.3,as appropriate,of Specification A788shall be met.
7.5Steels with intentional additions of lead,bismuth,or tellurium shall not be supplied or ud.Steels with intentional additions of lenium may only be supplied or ud when specifically called out in the product specification.神秘的恐龙
7.6The starting material shall not contain any unspecified elements,other than nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels,for the ordered grade(s)to the extent that it then conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content.
8.Mechanical Properties
8.1Method of Mechanical Tests—All tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 unless otherwi specified.
8.2For the purpo of determining conformance to the product specification requirements,specimens shall be ob-tained from the production material,or,in the ca of forgings, from parately forged test blanks prepared from the stock ud to make thefinished product.Heat treatment shall be com-plete
d prior to removal of material for mechanical testing. 8.3If parately forged test blanks are ud,they shall be of the same heat of steel,be subjected to substantially the same reduction and working as the production forging they repre-nt,be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the same conditions as the production forging,and be of the same nominal thickness as the maximum heat treated thickness of the production forging.
8.4Bars—Tension and impact tests reprenting bar stock shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of Annex A1of Test Methods and Definitions A370.Impact tests are not required on bars1⁄2in.and under in diameter.
8.5Fasteners,Machined from Heat Treated Bar—Mechanical properties of fasteners machined from heat treated bar shall be reprented by the tests run on the bar in accordance with8.4.
8.6Fasteners,All Class—Produced by other methods—When fasteners have been produced by forming,when they have been subjected to heat treatment,or when the nominal thread size falls into a different diameter range than that of the starting bar as shown in the applicable specifications,then tests shall be run on material taken from tho fasteners.
8.6.1Tension test specimens taken fromfinished fasteners shall be machined to the form and dimensi
ons and from the positions shown in Annex A3of Test Methods and Definitions A370.Impact tests are not required on material from exter-nally threaded fasteners when the thread diameter is1⁄2in.and under.
9.Hardness Requirements
9.1The material shall conform to the hardness requirements prescribed in the product specification.Hardness testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A
370.
9.2Tensile tests prevail over hardness tests in the event a conflict exists relative to minimum strength unless otherwi specified in the product specification.
10.Tensile Requirements
10.1Bars and Specimens Machined From Fasteners—The material shall conform to the tensile property requirements prescribed in the product specification.
10.1.1When the dimensions of the material to be tested will permit,the tension test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions of the standard2–in.[50–mm]gage length tension test specimen described in Test Methods and Definitions A370.
10.1.2When the dimensions of the material to be tested do not permit full size samples,small size specimens meeting the requirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370shall be ud.
10.2Proof Load—Nuts shall be capable of withstanding the proof loads specified in the product specification.
11.Impact Requirements
11.1The material shall conform to the impact requirements prescribed in the product specification.
11.2Sampling for impact testing shall conform to the product specification.
11.3The impact test specimen shall have the form and dimensions shown in Fig.10of Test Methods a
nd Definitions A370for the Charpy V-notch specimen,Type A.The longi-tudinal axis of the specimen shall be parallel to the direction of rolling or,in the ca of forgings,to the longest axis of the component the test bar reprents.The notch shall be located on the test specimen surface which most cloly approaches a radial direction.The ba of the notch shall be as nearly as practicable perpendicular to the longest axis of the component.
12.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
科技与生活12.1The parts shall conform to the dimensions,tolerances andfinish as specified on the purchar’s order or in the individual product specification.
12.2Bars—Bars shall meet the dimensional requirements of Specifications A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable.
12.3Bolts,Screws,Studs,and Stud Bolts—Fastener points shall beflat and chamfered or rounded at the option of the manufacturer.The length of the point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor more than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end parallel to the axis.Length of studs and stud bolts shall be measured fromfirst thread to first thread.Bolts,studs,and bolting material shall be capable of passing inspection in accordance with Specification F788/ F788
M.
12.3.1Hex Bolts—Unless otherwi specified in the pur-cha order heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions of ANSI B18.2.1or B18.2.3.6M and the Heavy Hex screw ries,should be ud,except the maximum body diameter and radius offillets may be the same as for the heavy hex bolt ries.The body diameter and headfillet radius for sizes of heavy hex cap screws and bolts that are not shown in their respective tables in the ANSI specifications may be that shown in the corresponding hex cap screw and bolt tables respec-tively.
12.3.2Socket Heads—Unless otherwi specified socket head fasteners shall be in accordance with ANSI B18.3or the applicable metric ries.
12.3.3Studs and Stud Bolts—The dimensions and toler-ances of studs and stud bolts shall be as specified by the purchar or the product specification.
12.4External Threads—Threads shall either be formed after heat treatment or heat treatment shall be performed in atmosphere control furnaces.
12.4.1Thread Form—Unless otherwi specified external threads shall be in accordance with ANSI B1.1,Class2Afit,or ANSI B1.13M,Class6Gfit.
补中益气丸成分
12.4.2Inch Series—Sizes1in.and smaller in diameter shall be coar thread ries,and tho11⁄8in.and larger in diameter shall be eight pitch thread ries,unless otherwi specified.
12.5Nuts—Unless otherwi specified nuts shall be hex-agonal in shape and the American National Standard Heavy Hex Series shall be ud.In addition nuts shall either be double chamfered or have a machined or forged washer face,at the option of the manufacturer,and shall conform to the angularity requirements of the applicable ANSI specification.
12.5.1Thread—Unless otherwi specified threads in nuts shall be in accordance with ANSI B1.1Class2Bfit or B1.13M Class6Hfit,and shall be gaged in accordance with ANSI B1.2 or B1.3M
12.5.2Inch Series—Unless otherwi specified,nuts up to and including1in.in diameter shall be UNC Series Class2B fit and inal size shall be8UN Series Class 2Bfit.
12.6If a scale-free brightfinish is required,this shall be specified on the purcha order.
13.Decarburization
13.1Depth—The depth of decarburization(total+partial) shall be determined after completion of all heat treatment and shall not exceed the limits shown in Specification A574, regardless of material be
ing tested.
真皮沙发破损修补13.2Test Method—The depth of decarburization shall pref-erably be determined by metallographic etching.The edge of the specimen shall be suitably prepared to prerve the original heat treated surface.The sample shall be polished,etched with a suitable solution(2to5%Nital if carbon or alloy steel, Vilella’s reagent if stainless steel,etc.),and examined under a microscope at100x using an eyepiece graduated in0.001–in.
[0.025–mm]increments.The measured depth of any light etched band shall be taken as the decarburization depth. 13.2.1Microhardness Testing—When the metallographic etch method of13.2renders results that are inconclusive,then the microhardness traver method of Specification A574shall be employed.The depth of decarburization is denoted by that radial depth where the hardness decrea is more than the equivalent of three points HRA,when compared to the average microhardness of the ba material at a depth equal to or less than25%of the diameter or
thickness.
13.3Alternate—Depth of decarburization may be deter-mined on the threads of components rather than on the starting material.
14.Number of Tests
14.1Chemical Analysis—One test per heat.
14.2Tension Tests,Bar,Rod,or Wire or Fasteners,or Both, Machined from Heat Treated Bar,Rod or Wire—One test per lot(See3.1.6).
14.3Tension Tests,Fasteners Produced as Defined in8.6—The number of machined specimens or full size fasteners tested shall be as follows:
Lot Size(pc)Sample Size
50and less2
51to5003
501to350005
Over350008
14.4Decarburization Test,Carbon and Alloy Steel,Fasten-ers Produced as Defined in8.6and Studs Machined from Cold or Hot Rolled and Heat Treated Bar Who Diameter Prior to Machining Threads is Within0.06in.[1.5mm]in Diameter of the Maximum Thread Diameter—One test per lot(e3.1.6).
14.5Hardness Tests:
14.5.1Hardness Tests,Bar,Rod,or Wire—One test per lot.
14.5.2Hardness Tests,Fasteners—The number of fasteners hardness tested per lot,regardless of production technique, shall be as shown in14.3.
14.6Macroetch,Carbon and Alloy Steels Only—One test per lot.
14.7Impact Tests—Three impact test specimens shall be made for each lot when impact testing is required by the product specification.
14.8Other Tests—The number of tests shall be as specified by the purchar or the individual product specification. 15.Retests and Rework
15.1If the results of any tension test do not conform to the requirements specified in the product specification,retests are permitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitions A370.If the results of a tension test are less than specified becau a flaw becomes evident in the test specimen during testing,a retest shall be allowed provided that theflaw is not attributable to ruptures,cracks,orflakes in the steel.Retesting shall be performed on twice the number of samples originally specified.
15.2When the impact test acceptance requirements of the specification are not met,one retest of three additional speci-mens from the same test location may be performed.Each individual test value of the retested specimens shall be equal to or greater than the specified minimum average value.
15.3Repair by welding is prohibited.
16.Inspection
16.1The supplier shall afford the purchar’s inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the material is being produced and furnished in accordance with this specification and the a
pplicable product specification.Site inspection by the purchar shall not interfere unnecessarily with the supplier’s operations.
16.2Personnel performing the nondestructive examination shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a written procedure conforming to ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A(1988or later)or another national standard that is acceptable to both the purchar and the supplier.
17.Rejection and Rehearing
17.1Samples reprenting material rejected by the pur-char shall be prerved until disposition of the claim has been agreed to between the supplier and the purchar.
18.Certification
18.1Certification shall include a statement that the material or parts,or both,were manufactured,sampled,tested,and inspected in accordance with the requirements of the individual product specification,including the specification number and year date of issue.In addition,the certification shall include the results of all tests required by this specification,the product specification,
and the purcha order.The supplier shall pro-vide additional specific information as required by the product specification or purcha order.
18.2A certificate printed from or ud in electronic form from an electronic data interchange(EDI)transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility.The content of the EDI transmitted document shall also conform to any existing EDI agreement between the purchar and the supplier.
18.3Notwithstanding the abnce of a signature,the orga-nization submitting either the EDI transmission or paper copies of certificates of test is responsible for the content of the report.
19.Product Marking
19.1Bars shall be marked in accordance with Specifications A29/A29M or A484/A484M as applicable.
19.2Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall be applied to one end of studs3⁄8in.[10mm]in diameter and larger and to the heads of bolts and screws1⁄4in[6mm]in diameter and larger.If the available area is inadequate,the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the manufactur-er’s identification symbol marked on the other end of studs.
19.3Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall be applied to all nuts regardless of size.
19.4Hollow forgings shall be marked with the heat number or heat symbol and grade.
19.5When product is altered in a manner which changes specified requirements,it is the responsibility of the current certifying organization to ensure that the product marking is appropriately revid.This includes the removal of the name or symbol of the previous certifying organization.
19.6Dual Marking—Product that meets all requirements of more than one grade within or between product specifications may be marked with both grade markings.The dual marking shall consist of the complete marking requirement for each grade,as required by the product specification,parated by a slash.For example,for Grade A193B7and A320L7,the dual marking would be
B7/L7.
