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FACT SHEET
Brainstorming
The purpo of this fact sheet is to enable a busy manager,without previous experience of the technique and with a minimum of preparation,to introduce brainstorming to a group and then go on to brainstorm a specific problem or opportunity.
Definition
Brainstorming involves a spontaneous,open-ended discussion in a arch for new ideas.It is a means of getting a large number of ideas from a group of people in a short time.It can prove valuable for identifying opportunities,for example,for market development, tackling organisational problems or problem solving in general.
Advantages
∙Numerous fresh ideas and concepts are rapidly generated
∙It enables people to be involved and make a positive contribution ∙The cost of the process-in terms of people and time-is quantifiable
Problems
∙The ssion can be dictated or sidetracked by dominant individuals ∙Getting people to be non-critical can be a problem
The problems can be overcome by a good facilitator.See step3 below.
Action checklist-Preparation
1.Select the problem/opportunity to be brainstormed
Select an item important enough to justify the participation of others. It should also be one where there are a number of possible solutions and imagination is required to think of them.
FACT SHEET
2.Think of structure,aims and objectives
Although a brainstorming ssion is an open,'no-holds-barred'affair, establish where you are going,what you want to achieve and roughly how to get there.
3.Choo
...an open,outgoing person with enthusiasm and ability,contributing interest and enjoyment.Choosing the right facilitator is vital.(S)he need not be the most nior person at the ssion,but will need to t the scene by relaxing the participants and creating an open,free atmosphere,controlling dominant people,getting and keeping them on track by highlighting the issues,and creating a n of fun.Perhaps most importantly,(s)he should be adept at keeping ideas flowing. Should the facilitator be internal or external?An external facilitator can be especially uful when nior managers are involved,but if the issue is not too complex or contentious,an internal facilitator may be ud provided(s)he has some experience.
The facilitator should feel comfortable running activity-bad ssions, and should have clear plans
and tactics for arriving at expected outcomes or targets.The facilitator must also ensure,as much as possible,that the group works as a team and owns what it has achieved at the end.
4.Select an appropriate venue
This depends largely on the time t aside for the ssion.If time is available then somewhere away from the routine place of work is often more suitable.This gets people away from'contemplating their corporate navel'and is often better for a fresh perspective on the business in hand.
5.Think of the group mix
As well as tho with a specialist contribution to make,include tho who have little or no knowledge of the problem to be brainstormed. They will not be concerned with detail and will offer a fresh approach. Consider the introduction of outsiders for this,although it can backfire if they are en as intruders or spies.Work on getting the group dynamics right for putting the group at ea,avoidance of snide or
put-down comments and creating a'free-from-blame'atmosphere.All participants are equal and none are more equal than others.
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6.Think of the right number
There is no right number,although more than10might be
unmanageable when ideas really start to flow,and less than five might not be enough for generating creativity.Six to eight is usually about
right,although this will depend on the style of the facilitator and the nature of the problem to be tackled.
7.Get the equipment right
You will need to record the ideas that come up.A tape-recorder smacks of'big brother'and may well act as an inhibitor to the free flow of ideas.Get hold of a flip-chart-with plenty of sheets and plenty of marker pens that work!-so that successive sheets can be blu-tacked to the wall in full view and theref
ore help to stimulate further ideas. 8.Get the layout right
Do not u a room with fixed rows of ats.Something more relaxed,
even random,is preferable;a circle or U-shape is fairly usual.If the facilitator is not familiar with the room to be ud,(s)he should check it beforehand and prepare it appropriately.
9.Get the timing right
Think of your own powers of concentration and remember that brainstorming of ideas can go from dynamic to exhausted,and back again.10-20minutes may be needed to get people relaxed;two hours can be a long time to brainstorm-stop for a break if people show signs of tiredness.Arrange for a20-minute break after an hour's uninterrupted flow,or if and when the flow slows to a trickle.The break may be enough to stimulate an active re-start,perhaps with a change in ating of individuals.
10.Get the time of day right策划书怎么写
中国人民公安大学报考条件Unfortunately,hard advice is difficult here as we are all different.
Some people are better when their mind is less active and more
relaxed and when their routine work has been dispend with.Others may prefer the morning,when collective mental energy is at its highest,or at least not dulled by the day's toil.
Provide sufficient notice of the ssion,and an outline of the problem
to be tackled.
FACT SHEET
Action checklist-The ssion
1.State the problem/objective
State the problem and explain it to the group.Make sure everyone participating has a clear understanding.
2.Restate the problem
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Encourage the group to stand back from the problem,walk around it, and e it from every angle.Suggest re-wording it in'How to..' statements.Some re-statements may be clo to the original,others may illuminate new facets.Jot down the re-statements on the flip-chart for all to e.
3.Brainstorm the problem with the following guidelines:
a)Suspend judgement:avoid evaluative comments such as'that
won't work'or'that sounds silly'.Laugh with wild ideas,not at them.
b)U the following techniques for generating further ideas.
∙Call for a one-minute break,asking the group to look over ideas already noted before starting the flow again
∙Offer a 'we just need six more to make50ideas!'
∙Reflect and concentrate on one how many ways can we do this?
∙Look back at the re-statements to pursue other lines
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c)Freewheel:encourage(within limits)drifting or dreaming;try to bring the subconscious into play;the wilder the idea,the better.
d)Go for quantity not quality-the more the merrier;suspend judgement,evaluation comes later.
e)Cross-fertilize:pick up somebody's idea and suggest others leading from it.
4.Ask the group to choo a really wild and apparently nless idea from the lists marked up and generate ideas from there
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5.Closure
Give a warning of when the ssion will clo,five minutes from the
end.The participants will want to know what happens next.Explain that the lists will be typed up for circulation.Do this within24hours to
retain freshness and familiarity.Tell the participants that they will be informed on the ideas chon for further action or recommendation. Ask them one last time for any comments,ideas or further thinking. Evaluation does not matter at this stage as the ideas will already be gathered;evaluation comes next.
Action checklist-Evaluation著作等身的意思
1.Get the team to scrutini all the ideas to pick out any instant winners.
U a process of ranking with3points for tho which stand out,2 points for tho which have possibilities but need a little adjustment, and Zero for tho which now appear over the top,clearly require too much resource,or do not meet the original objectives.
2.Reduce the number of'2s'to a minimum by applying such criteria as cost,acceptability or time-scales
上床睡觉的英语3.U rever brainstorming
∙In how many ways can a particular idea fail?
∙What are the negative factors?
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∙What is the potential downside for the organisation?
4.Apply the key evaluative criteria
∙What will it cost?
∙Will it be acceptable to management,staff,customers?
∙Is it legal?
∙Is it practical?
∙How long will it take?
∙What competition will there be?
∙How urgent is it?(If it is not done now,will an opportunity be lost?)
FACT SHEET
Dos and don'ts for Brainstorming
Do
In the brainstorming ssion,the facilitator should:
∙be nsitive to participants'tiredness
∙encourage freedom of movement-some people think better when mobile
∙u a variety of techniques to generate further ideas
∙encourage an informal atmosphere free from blame or inhibition Don't
(S)he should not:
∙let the ssion go on too long
∙allow interruptions
∙u a tape-recorder
∙allow critical or evaluative comments
∙allow the ssion to become too'off-the-wall'!
