Unit 2 The environment
威尼斯颁布旅游新规：运河勿游泳，桥上不久留土地置换协议书
Respect Venice. You’re welcome here but you must play by the rules — or pay for it.
尊重威尼斯。若按规则行事，游客则会在威尼斯倍受欢迎；若非如此，游客也会为他们的行为付出相应的代价。
That’s the message from the Venetian authorities, who have unveiled a new campaign, aimed at tourists, to encourage them to behave appropriately in a city which is struggling to cope with the influx of visitors, and where locals are at boiling point over their home being ud as a global playground.
以上信息来自于威尼斯官方。由于威尼斯当地政府对游客涌入的情况焦头烂额，且当地居民也因所居城市变为世界游乐园而不堪其扰，因此，威尼斯当局面向外来游客推出了一项新运
动，鼓励游客在威尼斯举止得体，行为得当。
Paola Mar, the councillor responsible for tourism, announced that a campaign called ＂Enjoy Respect Venezia＂ will launch in time for the summer crush.
负责旅游业的议员葆拉﹒马宣布，一项针对夏季旅游热潮发起的名为＂享受尊重威尼斯＂的运动即将展开。
The campaign will be spearheaded across social media, shown on the city council’s website, and provide reminders in the shape of posters around town and flyers at locations like the train station.
该运动将率先通过社交媒体传播，出现在威尼斯市议会的网站上，之后以海报的形式张贴在城市各处或是以传单的形式在火车站等地传播。
Visitors will be reminded not to swim in canals, make picnic stops out of public areas, pau too long on bridges, drop litter, ride bikes through the city or sighte in bathing suits — all apparently common phenomena.
游客将会收到这样的提醒：不要在运河内游泳、不要在公共区域外野餐、不要在桥上停留过久、不要乱扔垃圾、不要骑自行车横穿城市和不要穿泳衣游览——这些显然都是目前常见的现象。
Transgressors will be fined anything from 25 to 500.
违规者将会被处以25欧元至500欧元不等的罚款.
＂移动的反义词The message we have to get through is that we’re not joking,＂ Mar told local paper La Nuova. ＂If it gets about that people who do this kind of thing are fined, as well as it being flagged to their respective embassies, perhaps we’ll be able to stop others copying.＂
马告诉当地报纸La Nuova：＂我们要告诉公众这并不是玩笑话。如果违规者被处以相应罚款，并因此被各自国家的大使馆打上标记，也许会防止该类事件再次发生。＂
Only last weekend, a group of Belgian teenagers went viral when they posted a video of themlves jumping off the bridge designed by architect Santiago Calatrava into the Grand Canal. They have subquently apologid for their behaviour.
就在上周末，一群比利时青少年从建筑师圣地亚哥﹒卡拉特拉瓦设计的桥上跳入威尼斯大运河，随后该视频被上传至网络，他们也突然走红。他们随后为此道歉。
班多钮Last August, a tourist jumping from the Rialto Bridge hit a water taxi and died in hospital.
2016年8月，一名游客从里亚托桥上跳下，撞上水上的士，随后在医院身亡。
The new campaign has been a long time in the planning. Last month, Mar told The Independent their ＂behavioural campaign＂ would have 12 golden rules — both prohibitory and encouraging, too. ＂The problem is that Venice is perceived as a beach,＂ she said.
本次新运动计划已久。今年6月，马告诉《独立报》，他们的＂行为运动＂有12条黄金规则——其中有禁止也有鼓励。＂问题在于：威尼斯被当成了一片海滩，＂她说道。
The campaign will be launched in 10 languages, including English, Chine, Arabic and Korean. It will include suggestions on how to change typical behaviour — including highlighting official picnic areas and public toilets.
本次运动细则将会以10种语言公布，其中包括英语、中文、阿拉伯语和韩语。而细则中包括了改变典型违规行为的建议——特别列出了官方野餐场所和公共厕所。
Meanwhile, the largest island in the lagoon, the Lido, is embarking on a sustainable tourism initiative.
同时，泻湖上最大的岛——利多岛正在着手实施一项可持续旅游倡议。
空气污染所致早亡代价巨大
Premature deaths from air pollution are costing the global economy 5.1tn annually, or roughly twice the economic output of the UK, with more than half of that burden falling on China and other developing economies in Asia, according to a study.
根据一项研究，空气污染导致的过早死亡每年给全球经济带来5.1万亿美元的代价，大约两倍于英国的经济产出，而其中逾半负担落在中国和亚洲其他发展中经济体身上。
The estimates relead yesterday by the World Bank for the first time put a welfare cost on the toll from indoor and outdoor air pollution and highlight how it has soared over the past quarter of a century, as developing economies have rapidly industrialid.
世界银行（World Bank）昨日公布的估计首次对室内和室外空气污染造成的人类福祉代价进行了估算，并突显出，随着发展中经济体迅速工业化，这项代价在过去四分之一个世纪出现飙升。
好吃的家常菜
They also illustrate the scale of the environmental challenge confronting tho countries as they ek to address chronic air pollution.
这些估算还展示了相关国家在寻求应对长期空气污染时面对的环境挑战的艰巨性。
刘康公
An estimated 5.5m lives were lost to dias associated with air pollution in 2013, the latest year for which global data are available.
回家真好据估计，2013年（可获得全球数据的最近一年）有550万人死于与空气污染有关的疾病。
More than 90 per cent of the premature deaths occurred in developing countries, with young children especially badly affected.台湾最高峰
90%以上的过早死亡病例发生在发展中国家，幼童受到特别严重的影响。
改天换地
Exposure to air pollution increas a person’s risk of illness such as lung cancer, stroke, heart dia and bronchitis.
暴露于空气污染会增加一个人患病（如肺癌、中风、心脏病和支气管炎）的风险。
Tho dias, and deaths from them, also carry a rising economic cost according to the study, conducted by the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle.
