现代语言学自考题-19
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)小数的加减法
PART ONE
Ⅰ.There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can **plete the statement.
1.
Semantics can be defined as the study of ______.
∙A. naming
∙B. meaning
∙C. communication
∙D. context
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 语义学可定义为对语言意义的研究。
2.
"There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to (i.e. between language and the real world)". This is the ______ view concerning the study of meaning.
∙人物中国A. naming theory
∙B. conceptualist
∙C. contextualist
∙D. behaviourist
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 意念论认为语言形式与其所指事物之间(即语言与现实世界之间)的关系不是直接的，而是间接的，是在对意义的解释过程中以人脑中的概念为中介而联系起来的。这一点可以通过语义三角加以阐明：
守望乡村
3.
Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.
∙A. contextual
∙B. conceptualist
∙C. behaviorist
∙D. naming
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 布龙菲尔德在试图定义词汇意义时采用了行为主义心理学观点。
4.
The meaning of a language form is the "situation in which the speaker utters it and the respon it calls forth in the hearer" is propod by ______.
分手的英语∙A. Plato
∙B. Firth
∙C. Chomsky
∙D. Bloomfield
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:D
[解析] 布龙菲尔德在试图定义词汇意义时采用了行为主义心理学观点。行为主义者试图把词汇意义定义为“说话人说出话语并引起听话人作出反应的情景”(布龙菲尔德，1933)。
5.
______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the nonlinguistic world of experience. It means what a linguistic form refers to in the physical world.
∙A. Sen
∙B. Reference
∙C. Symbol
∙D. Thought
雨幡洞云
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 所指是词汇所指称的客观世界中的事物，所指讨论的是语言形式和非语言世界之间的关系。当我们说“狗在叫”时，我们说的肯定是特定情景中的狗，指的是说话人和听话人都知道的那条狗，这就是“狗”这个词在特定情景中的所指。
6.
Dialectal synonyms are synonyms ud in different ______ dialects.
∙A. personal
∙B. regional
∙C. social
∙D. professional
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 方言同义词指用在不同地域方言中的同义词，方言同义词意思大致相同，只是使用的地域不同。英国英语和美国英语是英语中的两大地域方言。
7.
"Expensive, valuable, precious" are a group of words bearing the same meaning but indicating the different attitude of the ur toward what he is talking about. They are ______ synonyms.
∙A. stylistic
∙B. mantic
∙C. emotive
∙D. dialectal
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 情感意义或评价意义不同的同义词指有些同义词意义相同，但所表现的说话人的情感不同，它们反映出说话人对其所谈之事的不同态度或偏见。
8.
Synonyms are classified into veral kinds. The kind to which "girl" and "lass" belong is called ______ synonyms.
∙A. stylistic
∙老友聚会B. dialectal
∙C. emotive
∙D. collocational
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 同义词可以分为方言同义词、语体同义词、情感同义词等。“girl”在英国苏格兰方言中叫做“lass”或“lassie”。
9.
"Sweets" and "candy" are ud respectively in Britain and in America, but refer to the same thing. The words are ______ synonyms.
∙A. collocational
∙B. dialectal
∙C. complete
∙D. stylistic
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 方言同义词意思大致相同，只是使用的地域不同。英国英语和美国英语是英语中的
两大地域方言。题干中英语中的sweets和美语中的candy均指“糖块”。
10.
A word with veral meanings is a ______.
∙A. synonymy
∙B. polymic word
∙C. co-hyponym
∙D. complete hyponym
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:D
[解析] 不同的词可以有相同或相似的意义，同一个词也可以有一个以上的意义，这就是我们所说的多义关系。具有多义关系的词叫做多义词。
11.
The words stationary and stationery are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning. They are ______.
∙A. complete homonyms
∙B. homographs
∙C. hyponyms
∙D. homophones
A B C D
怀孕可以跳绳吗
分值: 2
答案:D
[解析] 同音/同形异义关系指的是不同意义的词具有相同的形式这样一种现象。发音相同的词称为同音异义词。
12.
Antonyms are divided into veral kinds. Which of the following is not a kind of antonyms?
∙A. complementary.
∙B. relational.
∙C. superordinate.
∙D. gradable.
A B C D
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 英语中将反义词分为三种：可分等级的反义词，这些反义词是可分等级的，它指在一对反义词之间经常存在中间形式；互补性反义词，成对的互补性反义词的特点在于，否定其中的一个成分，就意味着肯定了另一个成分；关系反义词，成对反义词的词项间如果存在逆转关系，就可以叫做关系反义词。C项superordinate指上下义关系中的上义词。
13.
The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is ______.
∙A. homonymy
∙B. hyponymy
∙C. polymy
∙D. synonymy
A B C D 向日葵的习性
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 上下义关系指的是具有概括性、包含性的词和具体意义的词之间的意义关系。具有概括性意义的词叫做上义词，意义比较具体的词叫做下义词。fruit与apple之间是上下义关系。
14.
Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.
∙A. word
∙B. lexical item
∙C. superordinate
∙D. hyponymy
A B C D
分值: 2
