高考英语词语辨析 cost, spend, take
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。如:
The puter cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
什么叫舍利
It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:假设 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“消耗”,那么也可用人作主语。如:
麦当劳打工
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要消耗政府不少钱。
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语那么可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
芦荟的作用与功效
纸飞镖 It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。 卫戍英雄
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于详细明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
大学四级英语词汇 It takes a lot of money to buy a hou. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
(1) 三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 那
么可以用于被动语态。如:
海草怎么画
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
(1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个 ,这不费什么事。
(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如:
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
永琪五阿哥 It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
高考英语词语辨析:about, on, with用法辨异
I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身边没带钱。
(1) about 一般指随身带的小物品。如:
Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上带圆珠笔了吗?
2) with 多指带较大的东西(也可指较小的.东西)。如:
He took an umbrella with him. 他随身带了把伞。
3) on 表示带在身上(如在口袋里)。如:
Have you any money on you? 你身上带着钱吗?
注:此例假设用 with 或 about,那么不一定放在身上,可能放在皮包里等。
There is something noble about him. 他有一种高贵的气质。
He always has his wits about him. 他一向不失机智(.nmet168.)。
We can e something beautiful about the old cottage. 从这座古老的小屋本身我们可以看到一些美的东西。
注:以上用法中的 about 有时可与介词 in 换用,前者侧重指外在表现,后者侧重指内在素质。
高考英语词语辨析:after 与 behind 用法辨析
两者均可表示“在……之后”,既有相同之处,也有不同之处。分述如下: