高考英语冠词易错点的归纳与解析
冠词是高中英语中重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。除在单项填空中对冠词进行考查外，短文改错和完形填空中也经常考查冠词。现通过举例，对同学们在高考备考冠词试题时容易犯的典型错误从四个方面归纳如下。
一、不定冠词的用法易犯的错误
（一）a与an的用法区别判断错误
例1：我等他等了一个半小时了。
错：I have been waiting for him for a hour and a half.
对：I have been waiting for him for an hour and a half.
例2：五年前我弟弟曾是一名学物理的大学生。
错：Five years ago her brother was an university student of physics.
对：Five years ago her brother was a university student of physics.
析：hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an；故在例1中将a改为an；uful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音为辅音，因此，前面要用a，故例2中应将an改为a。
泰拳教程（二）表泛指时冠词的误用
例：威尔逊一家住在海岸附近的一座A形的房子里；那是一座17世纪时建的别墅。错：The Wilsons live in the A-shaped hou near the coast. It is the 17th century cottage. 对：The Wilsons live in an A-shaped hou near the coast. It is a 17th century cottage.
析：应分别将a和an改为the，尽管序数词前常用the，但此处两者都是泛指某类事物中的一个。
（三）表示“每一、同一(of +a/an +n.)”概念时冠词的误用
例：同类的棉花储藏在一座房子里。
错：Cotton of the kind was stored together in a hou.
对：Cotton of a kind was stored together in a hou.ppt放映快捷键
析：表示“每一、同一(of +a/an +n.)”概念时要用不定冠词，此处表示同一种棉花，故将the 改为a。
（四）表示职业或身份名词前冠词的误用
例：大学毕业后，他当上了一家报社的记者。
错：When he left college, he got a job as the reporter in a newspaper office.
对：When he left college, he got a job as a reporter in a newspaper office.
析：用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前用a，故在reporter(记者)前用a。（五）含不定冠词的习语中误用定冠词
例：人们常说教师过着一种安逸的生活。
错：It is often said that teachers have the very easy life.
对：It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.
析：有些固定短语中名词前用不冠词，如本题中have /lead /live a … life(过着……样的生活)是习惯说话；故将the改为a。
二、定冠词的用法易犯的错误
7年级
（一）表示特指的定冠词的误用
婚宴致辞
例：我打翻了我的咖啡杯，它正好翻倒在键盘上。
错：—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over a keyboard.
—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.
对：—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
陈官庄—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.
析：指上文提到过的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物时用the。本题中特指谈话双方心里都知道的键盘，故将a改为the。
（二）比较级前定冠词的误用
例1：两姐妹中，贝蒂是小的那个，也很文静。
错：Of the two sisters, Betty is a better one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. 对：Of the two sisters, Betty is the better one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
例2：我们相信你工作越努力，得到的结果就越好。
错：It is believed that harder you work, better result you'll get.
对：It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you'll get.
析：一般情况下两者间比较用比较级，三个或三个以上，才用最高级；然而，若表示“两者中较……的”那一个人或事物，是特指，要用冠词the, 例1属于这种情况，故将a改为the；若表示“越……就越……”时用“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型，故例2中两比较级前都要加the。
（三）定冠词表整体类别的误用
例：老虎有绝种的危险。
错：A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.
对：The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.
析：定冠词可用于单数可数名词前表示某类事物的整体。此句用定冠词概括整个类属，不能换成不定冠词；故将a改为the。
（四）方位名词前定冠词的误用
例1：法国南部的大部分地区夏天是干燥和晴朗的。
错：Summer in south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.
对：Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.
例2：早晨我们站在城市东边的山顶上，欣赏着一轮冉冉升起的红日。
错：We stood at the top of the mountain the east of the city, watching the burning sun rising. 对：We stood at the top of the mountain east of the city, watching the burning sun rising. 析：在没有介词的方位名词前，不用冠词。但方位名词前有介词，一定要用the；例1中south前有介词in，故用the；例2中east of前没有介词，不用the。
（五）西洋乐器名词前冠词误用
例：看完电视，她又弹了1小时钢琴。
错：After watching TV, she played a violin for an hour.
对：After watching TV, she played the violin for an hour.
析：play(弹，演奏)后接的西洋乐器violin前要用the；但在象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前，就不用冠词。
（六）表示年代的基数词前冠词的误用
例：在90年代，50岁左右的人上大学深造并不罕见。
错：It is not rare in 90s that people in the fifties are going to university for further education. 对：It is not rare in the 90s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
析：表示在“几十年代”用in+the+"逢十的数词复数"；表示“在---岁时”用“in one's逢十的数词复数"；本题中是在90年代，应是the 90s，在他们五十多岁时，应该用in their fifties。（七）表示计量单位名词前冠词的误用
感恩父母的作文例：按规定，这些工人是按小时计酬的。
错：As a rule, the workers are paid by an hour.
对：As a rule, the workers are paid by the hour .
析：用by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构表示计量单位，意为“按/以……(卖/租/付款)”，常与buy, ll, rent, charge等动词连用，但在by weight(按重量)中不用the；故本题中将an改为the。
（八）“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”句型中的冠词误用
例：子弹射中了这个士兵，他的腿受伤了。
错：A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in his leg.
对：A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in the leg.
析：在“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位或衣着”中，表示人体部位的名词前用the。该句型的动词常常是表示“打、抓、牵、拉、拍、踢”等之类的动词；本题中表示一棵子弹打在这个士兵的腿上，将his改为the。
（九）含定冠词的习语中误用不定冠词
例：我不喜欢用电话交谈，我宁愿写信。
错：I don’t like talking on a telephone; I prefer writing the letters.
对：I don’t like talking on the telephone; I prefer writing letters.
析：有些固定短语中用the，如in the morning/afternoon/evening，in the end等，本题中on the telephone也是固定搭配习语；故将a改为the。
三、零冠词的用法易犯的错误
（一）名词表示泛指时冠词的错误使用
例1：标志上写着“万一起火，打破玻璃按红色按钮”。
错：The sign reads "In ca of a fire, break the glass and push the red button."
对：The sign reads "In ca of fire, break the glass and push the red button."
例2：人类到处砍伐森林为了种植庄稼或使用木头作为燃料或当建筑材料。
错：Everywhere man has cut down the forests in order to grow crops, or to u the wood as fuel or as building material.
对：Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to u the wood as fuel or as b
uilding material.
析：复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词，如例1中fire是不可数名词，是泛指，不用冠词；例2中因forests是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词。
（二）在as引导的让步状语从句中误用冠词
例：尽管他是个安静的学生，他下课后谈论很多他所喜爱的歌手。
错：A quiet student as he may be，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
对：Quiet student as he may be，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
析：as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，一般将表语或状语提到句首，当作表语的是名词时，其前不用冠词，故本题中应去掉quiet 前的a。
（三）man(人类)和word(消息)前误用冠词
例：当他在研究如何改进望远镜时，牛顿有一个发现彻底改变了人类对颜色的认知。错：While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery which completely changed the man’s understanding of colour.
对：While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery which completely changed man’s understan ding of colour.
析：man(人，人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。该题中受名词所有格(man’s)修饰的名词前也不用冠词。
（四）学科名词前冠词的误用
例：她是一个步入化学界的新手，但她已经有了一些重要的发现。
错：She is a newcomer to the chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. 对：She is a newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. 析：表示学科的名词前不用冠词，本题中physics是学科名词，故应去掉其前面的冠词。（五）在零冠词的固定短语中误用冠词
例：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。
错：.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in the space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.
对：There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.
析：有些固定短语中的名词前不用冠词，如by train /bus等，本题中in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，故应去掉其前的冠词。
四、冠词使用的特殊情况下易犯的错误
（一）序数词前冠词的误用
例：蛋糕很好吃，因为他第二块太小了，所以他想再吃一块。
错：The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have the third one becau a cond one is rather too small.
对：The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have a third one becau the cond one is rather too small.
析：序数词强调顺序时前面用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而表示在原来的基础上增加，即“又，还，再”时，用不定冠词；本题第一空表示“还，再”用不定冠词；第二空强调顺序用定冠词。
（二）专有名词前的冠词误用
例1：--您好，我可以喝史密斯先生通话吗？
--不好意思，你电话拨错了，我们这里没有叫史密斯的这一个人。
错：—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t Mr. Smith here.
对：—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.
例2：根据世界卫生组织报告，为了阻止艾滋病蔓延，在所有大城市中计划实行医疗保健。错：According to World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent a spread of AIDS.
对：According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.
析：人名和地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，但表示特指的专有名词前用the，如the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基)，the China of the 1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)；“a(n)+人名”表示“……式的人物”或“(有)一个名叫……的人”，例1中表示“一个叫史密斯先生的人”要用不定冠词；在“专有名词(人名或地名)
＋普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词，如Beijing University, Yale University，由几个
普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词，如例2中前者是由普通名词构成的专有名词，用the；后者有表示限制性的of短语，为特指，也用the。
（三）抽象名词前冠词误用
例：我知道你不太喜欢音乐。但是你认为我们昨天看的电影里那段音乐如何？
错：I know you don’t like a music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?
对：I k now you don’t like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?
析：抽象名词特指时用the，泛指不用冠词，但抽象名词具体化后，用不定冠词，如a pity /shame (一件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)等；本题中music是抽象名词(不可数)，前者是泛指的，不用冠词；后者是特指昨晚所看电影中的音乐，用the。
（四）表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词误用
不能英语例：我记不清Rohinsons离开那个城市的具体时间，我只记得是一个星期一。
错：I can't remember when exactly the Rohinsons left the city. I only remember it was Monday. 对：I can't remember when exactly the Rohinsons left the city. I only remember it was a Monday.
sim卡无效析：表示季节、月份、星期的名词前一般不用冠词，但特指时用the，如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)；表示某个，或者受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a/an，如a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)；本题中是指“某个星期一”，用不定冠词a。
（五）独一无二的事物名词前冠词的误用
例：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。
错：It is the world of wonders, the world where anything can happen.
对：It is a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen.
析：像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, univer等独一无二的事物名词前通常用定冠词，但前面有形容词修饰，表示“一个……的……”时，用不定冠词，例题中两个world都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，依据句意“一个奇妙的世界”两个都用不定冠词。
