Radiographic Reference Chart
射线照相参照表
WELD
焊接
1.Cluster Porosity
白眼球充血是什么原因
密集型气孔
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Rounded or elongated cavities due to entrapped gas occurring in clusters.
因为成群气体的进入，形成圆形或者是细长的孔洞
Radiographic appearance: Rounded or slightly elongated dark spots occurring in cluster.
射线图上形态：成群出现的圆形或轻微细长的黑点。
2.Excess Penetration
过度渗透
万篇长征
Excess metal at the root of the weld.
过多的金属在焊接根部
Radiographic appearance: A lighter density in the center of the weld image can occur either extended along the weld or in isolated circular drops.
射线图上形态：在焊件射线图的中部出现较低密度的浅色的区域，呈现的状态或者是顺着焊件延展，或者是独立出现的圆点。
3.External Undercut
外部咬边
A groove or channel in the surface of the plate along the edge of the weld.
在板的表面沿着焊缝的边缘出现沟槽或者凹陷。
Radiographic appearance: An irregular dark density line following the edge of the weld image.
射线图上形态：沿着焊缝边缘一条不规则的深色致密的线。
4.Internal (Root) Undercut
内部（焊接根部）咬边
A groove in the main object stretched along the edge, at the bottom or at the inner surface of the weld.
在焊缝底部或者是内部表面，主要对象上有一条沿着边缘的沟槽。
Radiographic appearance: all irregular darker density near the center of the weld image and along the edge of the root pass image.
射线图上形态：所有的焊缝图片靠近中间部分或者沿着边缘的不规则的深色致密部分。
5.Lack of Penetration
未焊透
个体工商户登记管理办法Lack of fusion in the root of the weld or a gap left by the failure of the weld metal to fill in the root.
焊接根部未焊透，又或者是熔敷金属没有完全的填补根部。
Radiographic appearance: Dark continuous or intermittent line in the center of the weld.
射线图上形态：在焊缝中央深色的连续或者断断续的线
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6.Tungsten Inclusions
夹杂钨
Small pieces of tungsten entrapped during welding.
在焊接过程中夹杂进钨的碎片。
Radiographic appearance: Irregular lower density spots randomly located in the weld i
mage.
射线图上形态：在焊件射线图上随机出现的不规则的较低密度的点。
7.Slag Line
熔渣线
Elongated cavities containing slag or other low-density foreign matter.
细长的包含熔渣和低密度杂质的洞
Radiographic appearance: Darker density lines, irregular in width and parallel to the edge of the weld.
射线图上形态：较高密度的，宽度不规则的，平行于焊缝边缘的线。
8.Lack of Fusion(LOF)
未熔合
Elongated voids between the weld metal and ba metal.
在熔敷金属和母材金属间有细长的洞。
Radiographic appearance: Elongated parallel or single darker density lines sometimes with darker density spots disperd along the LOF lines which are very straight in the lengthwi direction and not winding like elongated slag lines.
射线图上形态：细长的，平行或者是单一的较深色致密的线。有时还有深色致密的点沿LOF线分布。LOF线是纵向分布非常直的线，而不是像熔渣线那样卷曲的细长的线。
9.Scattered Porosity
分散的气孔
Cavities due to entrapped gas.
由混入气体导致的孔洞
Radiographic appearance: Sharply defined dark shadows of rounded contour.
射线图上形态：清晰的轮廓为圆形的暗影。
10. Mismatch
错边
Non-alignment of the plates to be welded.
要焊接的板没有对好边。
Radiographic appearance: Abrupt change in film density across the width of the weld image.
射线图上形态：射线图横向上有密度的激变。
11. Wagon Tracks
咬边
Elongated cavities containing slag or other foreign matter in a line on both sides of the ro
ot.
两条细长的内含熔渣和其他杂质的孔洞在焊缝根部的两边。
Radiographic appearance: 就在我身边Elongated parallel, or single darker density lines, irregular in width.
射线图上形态：细长的，平行或者是单独的，宽度无规则的，颜色较深密度较高的线。
12. Weld Spatter
焊接飞溅
Spilled molten metal near the weld.
熔化的金属飞溅在焊缝附近。
Radiographic appearance: White spots near the weld.
射线图上形态：在焊缝周围出现白点。
13.Longitudinal Crack
纵向的裂缝
A discontinuity produced by fracture in the weld metal longitudinal to the weld.
因为熔敷金属沿着焊缝纵向出现断裂，而导致焊缝断裂。
Radiographic appearance: A dark continuous or intermittent line along the length of the weld.
射线图上形态：沿着焊缝长方向出现深色的，连接或者断续的线。
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14. Transver Crack泰国香猪
横向的裂缝
A discontinuity produced by fracture in the weld metal cross the weld.
因为熔敷金属沿着焊缝横向出现断裂，而导致焊缝断裂。
Radiographic appearance: Fine dark line, straight or wandering in direction running across the width of the weld image.
射线图上形态：细小的深色的，横穿焊缝图宽的方向，直的或者是蜿蜒的线。
15. Burn Through
焊穿
A vere depression or a crater type hole at the bottom of the weld.
在焊缝底部出现严重的凹陷，或者是陨坑式的洞。
Radiographic appearance: Localized darker density with fuzzy edges in the center of the weld image.
射线图上形态：焊缝图中心，出现局部的，边缘模糊的较深色密度较大区域。
Casting
铸造
1.Shrinkage
缩孔
Discontinuity caud by uneven cooling and shrinking rates prent in adjacent thick and thin portions of the casting.
因为冷却不均匀，所以铸造中相邻薄厚区域的不同的收缩率导致了断裂。
Radiographic appearance: Minor branch-like zones to major abrupt linear indication rembling a tree with a trunk and many branches.
射线图上形态：从次要的如树枝一样的裂纹区域到主要的线型痕迹的裂纹，形成一个棵由树干和许多树枝组成的树的形象。
2.Gas Voids
气孔
Voids produced in the casting due to the entrapment of gas. Gas may be formed from the molten metal, green sand mold, water vapor or turbulence caud when pouring the metal.
