1. Transcendentalism: is literature，philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reaching against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world instead. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle， Coleridge, and Wordsworth. The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expresd by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden.
2.
.Symbolism象征主义：It is the writing technique of using symbols. It’s a literary movement that aro in France in the last half of the 19th century and that greatly influenced many English writer, particularly poets, of the 20th century. It enables poets to compress a very complex idea or t of ideas into one image or even one word. It’s one of the most powerful devices that
poets employ in creation.
缺少的英语
3. American naturalism：this term was created by Emile Zola. Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory played an important role in naturalism. In the works off naturalism，characters were conceived as complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces. At the end of the 19th century，this pessimistic form of realism appeared in america. Naturalism attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. Characters in the works of naturalism were dominated by their environment and heredity. Naturalism emphasized：the world was around；men had no free will；religious“truth”were illusory；the destiny of human beings was miry in life and oblivion in death. The dominant figures in naturalism were Stephen crane，Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreir.
3.The lost generation: included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut from the old value and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. The writers adopted unconvent开心星球
正月15是什么节日
ional style of writing and reacted against the tendencies of the older writers in the 1920s. The term came from Gertrude Stein who said in Hemingway's prence that“you are all a lost generation.”
4.Local colorism
金沙玉米粒As a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early 1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone el than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(详细的) authenticity(确实性), as local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本.国语) language and satirical(讽刺的) humor. The 关于春天的散文major local colorist is Mark Twain.
关爱自闭症儿童
5.Jazz age: the novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the term"Jazz Age" retroactively to refer to the decade after World War I and before the stock market crash in 1929, during which Americans embarked upon what he called "the gaudiest spree in history". Jazz Age
is inextricably associated with the wealthy white"flappers" and socialites immortalized in Fitzgerald's fiction.
6.Free ver: is a poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined ver structure, instead, it us the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stresd and unstresd syllables as stricter ver forms do, free ver does so in a loor way. Whitman's poetry is an example of free ver at its most impressive. It has since been ud by Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and other major American can poets of the 20th century.
7.The iceberg analogy: The Iceberg Theory is a writing theory by American writer Ernest Hemingway, as follows：if a writer of a pro knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader，if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of tho things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.
1.Poe's Poetic Ideas为什么会一直咳嗽
A.His conviction that the function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty.
B.He insists that poetry must be dimbarrasd of that moral n.
C.植物营养液Poe believes that the elevation of excitement of the soul should be “the poetic principle” thus poetry must concern itlf only with “supernal beauty”.
D.Poe defines poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” a definition giving unexampled emphasis upon the importance of the rhythmical or musical element in poetry.
