常用软膏剂的制备
0542327 仝贇
Preparation of ointments
Ointments are mi-solid preparations made of medicaments and suitable bas, which are intended for external application to the skin. Ointment bas recognized for u as vehicles distinguished into three general class: the oleaginous bas, the emulsion bas, and the water –soluble bas.
There are three general methods: the method of grinding and mixing, the method of melting and mixing, the method of emulsification.
Ophthalmic ointments are ointments for application to the eye who bas general include liquid paraffin, Valine and wool fat. Special precautions must be taken in the preparation of ophthalmic ointments. They are manufactured from sterilized ingredients under rigidly aptic conditions. The ointment ba that is lected must be without any irrit
ation to eye.
Equipments:
evaporating, water bath, electric furnace, analytical balance, thermometer, microscope etc.
Materials:
Stearic acid, glycerol monostearate, Valine, glycerol, liquid paraffin, triethanolamine, calcium hydroxide, CMC-Na, span80, nonoxynol-10, distilled water etc.
Procedures:
1. O/W emulsion ba
Formulation
年轻人中风
Stearic acid 4.8g
Glycerol monostearate 1.4g
Liquid paraffin 2.4g
Valine 0.4g To keep water
Wool fat 2.0g
Triethanolamine 0.16g
Distilled water add up to 40.0g
Preparation:
Add stearic acid, glycerol monostearate, liquid paraffin, Valine and wool fat into evaporating dish, which the mixture is ud as oil pha. Add triethanolamine and distilled water into beaker, which the solution is ud as a water pha. The two containers are heated to 80°C in water bath and kept until melting completely. Pour oil pha into water pha slowly, and stir them fully. Cool at room temperature, then the O/W emulsion ba can be got.
2. W/O emulsion ba
炖甲鱼汤
Formulation:
Glycerol monostearate 0.85g
Beeswax 5.25g
Paraffin 3.75g
Stearic acid 0.625g
Liquid paraffin 20.5g
Valine 3.35g To keep water
Span80 0.5g
calcium hydroxide 0.05g
未来我来歌词Ethylparaben 0.1g
Distilled water 10.0g
陈露Esnce 2 drops
Preparation:
Add glycerol monostearate , paraffin and stearic acid into the evaporating dish that is above water bath. When the mixture is melted, add Valine, liquid paraffin and aluminum distearate into it. The above mixture is ud as the oil pha. Calcium hydroxide and ethylparaben are dissolved in distilled water. The degree of water is about 80°C.The solution is ud as the water ba. A clockwi stirring is needed when add water pha into oil pha. Cool the ba to the room temperature, then the W/O emulsion ba can be got.
中隔壁法
Results and Discussion:
black是什么颜色 The first O/W is a kind of thick white ointment, while the cond is a bit yellow, and the former is thin than the latter. Both the two products have a kind of smell.
In the preparation of ointments ,we should keep the temperature at 80°C for the reason of getting the reaction started. And the temperature of the water pha should be higher t
han that of the oil pha, under this condition, we can make sure that the oil pha and the water get in touch and have a complete reaction.
The experiment is considered to be a successful one .
References:
软膏剂（Ointments）
软膏剂（Ointments）指药物与适宜基质均匀混合制成的具有一定稠度的半固体外用制剂。常用基质分为油脂性、水溶性和乳剂型基质，其中用乳剂基质制成的易于涂布的软膏剂称乳膏剂。
交朋友的方法 因药物在基质中分散状态不同，用溶液型软膏剂和混悬型软膏剂之分。溶液型软膏剂为药
物溶解或共熔于基质或基质组分中制成的软膏剂，混悬型软膏剂为药物细粉均匀分散与基质中制成的软膏剂。
软膏剂基质可分为油脂性基质和水溶性基质。油脂性基质常用的有凡士林、石蜡、液体石蜡、硅油、蜂蜡、硬脂酸、羊毛脂等，水溶性基质主要有聚乙二醇。
乳膏剂：系指药物溶解或分散于乳状液型基质中形成的均匀的半固体外用制剂。乳膏剂由于基质不同，可分为水包油型乳膏剂和油包水型乳膏剂。
西游记手抄报简单好看 乳膏剂常用的乳化剂可分为水包油型和油包水型。水包油型乳化剂有钠皂、三乙醇胺皂类、脂肪醇硫酸（酯）钠类（十二烷基硫酸钠）和聚山梨酯类；油包水型乳化剂有钙皂、
羊毛脂、单甘油酯、脂肪醇等。
软膏剂和乳膏剂基质应均匀、细腻，涂于皮肤或黏膜上应无刺激性，混悬型软膏剂中不溶性固体药物应预先用适宜的方法磨成细粉，确保粒度符合规定。
软膏剂和乳膏剂根据需要可加入保湿剂、防腐剂、增稠剂、抗氧剂及透皮促进剂。
软膏剂和乳膏剂应具有适当的粘稠度，应易涂布于皮肤或粘膜上，不融化，粘稠度随季节变化应很小。
软膏剂和乳膏剂应无酸败、异臭、变色、变硬，乳膏剂不得有油水分离及胀气现象。
除另有规定外，软膏剂应遮光密闭保存，乳膏剂应遮光保存，宜置25℃一下贮存，不得冷冻。
除另有规定外，检验一下项目：
【粒度】除另有规定外，混悬型软膏剂取适量的供试品，涂成薄层，薄层面积相当于盖玻片面积，共涂三片，照药典粒度和粒度分布测定法检查，均不得检出大于180μm的粒子。
【装量】照药典最低装量检查法检查，应符合规定。
【无菌】用于烧伤或严重创伤的软膏剂与乳膏剂，照药典无菌检查法检查，应符合规定。
【微生物限度】除另有规定外，照药典微生物限度检查法检查，应符合规定。
Ointments
Ointments are ud topically for veral purpos, e.g., as protectants, antiptics, emollients, antipruritics, kerotolytics, and astringents. The vehicle or ba of an ointment is of prime importance if the finished product is expected to function as any one of the above categories. In the ca of a protective ointment, it rves to protect the skin against moisture, air, sun rays and other external factors. It is necessary that the ointment neither penetrates the human skin barriers nor facilitates the absorption of substances through this barrier. An antiptic ointment is ud to destroy or inhibit the growth of bact
eria. Frequently bacterial infections are deeply ated; a ba which has the capacity to either penetrate or dissolve and relea the medication effectively is therefore desired. Ointments ud for their emollient effect should be easy to apply, be non-greasy and effectively penetrate the skin.
