双子座的（4）A Question of Judgement
Human beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might em like a strength that grants people the ability to make judgments which are independent of external factors. But in a world of limited resources-- in other words, the world in which most professional people operate — Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biad (有偏见)by the daily samples they were working with.
To test this idea, Dr. Simonsohn and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others chon randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwi.
测绘学
猫咪蹭人He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale took numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were then ud in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.心态英语
Dr.Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily ries of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to rever the effects of such a decrea, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwi have been necessary.
初中周记怎么写
相爱不能在一起As for why people behave this way, Dr.Simonsohn propos that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a weaker candidate "is due".
参考答案：
4.Making decisions without considering the big picture will cau biad opinions, which can be proved by MBA interviews. The success depends on the candidate's competitors becau his score will fall if the previous candidates keep being graded with higher points. The reason is that the interviewer expects the arrival of a 'weaker' candidate after meeting with veral strong ones. (59 words)
（5）Small Talk
Security guard, truck driver, salesperson — year after year, the jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job depressing 一 unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement — the three jobs stand out for another reason: a lack of small talk.
Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under investigation. In one study, rearchers o
verheard undergraduates for four days and then catalogued each conversation as either "small talk" （"What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!"） or “rious" （"Did they break up soon after?"）. They found that the cond type is connected with happiness the happiest students had roughly twice as many "rious" talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, made up only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.
悠闲乡村生活>世界名著小说However, don't just consider small talk worthless yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could brighten our morning. In a ries of experiments, psychologists found that tho who chatted with other train pasngers reported a more pleasant journey than tho who didn't.
Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas（咖啡帀）reported a greater n of belonging than tho who rushed through the transaction（交易）.Similarly, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-go
ers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than tho who were not approached.
Of cour, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated "less curious" by rearchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own. People who were considered "curious", meanwhile, needed no help transforming conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindt “, the rearchers concluded, can lead to 44positive social interaction.
