★☆英语动词不规则变化表☆★
安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学238072 葛 平
时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点,而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。西洋参价格
★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
t—t—t
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)
bring—brought—brought buy— bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
nd—nt—nt
spend—spent— spent
3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
ll—sold—sold
6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9改变元音字母。(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lo—lost—lost
10改变辅音字母。(1个)
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)— had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、关于情绪的作文A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1 i—a—u变化。(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
ri—ro—rin
4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
break—broke—broken
choo—cho—chon
freeze—froze—frozen 狗博士
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke— woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
e—saw—en
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run— ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come become/became/become run/ran/run
(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
四、 过去式,过去分词相同:
(1) 去掉字母组合黑米糖水ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/艺术魅力spilt/spilt
(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought
(5) 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood
(6) 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
(7) 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent nd/nt/nt
spend/spent/spent build/built/built
(8) 将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug win/won/won
(9) 将ell改为old
tell/told/told ll/sold/sold
(10) 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/夜是spoilt/spoilt
(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的救的英文, 一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted
(12) 其它
have(论语小故事has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lo/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got(AmE gotten)
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk