非谓语动词todo的用法小结

更新时间:2023-07-23 05:49:37 阅读: 评论:0

非谓语动词todo的用法小结
非谓语动词不定式(to do)的用法小结I.不定式的语法意义
1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。
2.没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但有时态和语态的变化。
3.仍保留动词的特征,即可有自己的宾语和状语,和他们一起构成不定式短语。
II. 不定式的否定式
not to do
III.不定式的时态和语态
1.一般式(to do/to be done)表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。
2.完成式(to have done/to have been done)表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。
3.进行式(to be doing)表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。
大枣的营养价值4.完成进行式(to have been doing)表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为,到谓语动作发生时,可能停止,
也可能会持续下去。
IV.不定式的功能
1.作主语:
(1)to do可直接作主语,表示
爆肉特指一个具体动作。
eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous.
To study English well isn’teasy.
(2) 用it作为形式主语,而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。常见的有6种。
It is +adj+ to do sth.
eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers.
It is +adj+for sb to do sth.
eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of good
It is +adj+of sb to do sth.
eg. It is silly of you to believe him.
三星台式电脑= You are silly to believe him.
It is +noun+to do sth.
eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things.
It+动词(+宾语)+ to do sth.
eg.It took me a year to finish writing the
book.
It is+介词短语+to do sth.
eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question.
2.作表语:to do作表语很普遍,多数情况下可换作主语
eg.Her job is to teach us maths.
To teach us maths is her job.
3.作宾语:to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。这些vt 动词的口诀是:
答保要打假希期,(14)
设宣申负愿花力。(7)
提安同学准声敢,(7)
偏威三决拒恳企。(8)
依照本口诀可写出下列36个vt 动词。promi答应,connt答应,guarantee保证,pledge保证,demand、ask要求,ai m/mean 打算pretend、profess假装wish、hope希望expect、desire期望
manage设法,swear宣誓,apply申请undertake负责,care愿意,can afford(花、买)得起, endeavour力图
offer提供,arrange安排,agree同意,learn 学习,prepare准备,claim声称,dare敢choo偏要、宁愿,threaten威胁,determine、resolve、decide决定,refu拒绝,beg恳求,ek企图或用“UBRT-wolf-head-maps”口诀。
eg. I want to buy a car.
They wish to e you.
注意:有些vt用to do 和doing作宾语意义区别不大,但在下列情况有别
(1)begin、start只用to do
be beginning/starting to do
begin/start+认知动词
eg.She was beginning to work on her novel that summer.
He began to realize that he was wrong. (2)remember/forget/regret+ to do(未做) remember/forget/regret+doing(已做)
eg.I remembered returning his money.
(3)try to do(努力做)
try doing(试着
4.作定语:to do 作定语与修饰的名词
出存在一种动宾关系、主谓关系或说明关系。
eg. They have no room to live in.
He found an opportunity to go there.
Energy is the ability to do work.
5.作宾补、主补:to do在主动语态中为宾补、在被动语态中为主补。补语与宾语在逻辑上存在着主谓关系,多数动词要带to,遇到使动词、感观动词则不带to,比如(make、let、e、hear、watch、feel、notice、obrve)但若为动语态则还原to.
eg.They ask us to sing a song
课程观
I heard him knock at the door twice.
Tom was made to work 12 hours a day.
5.作状语:to do作状语多在vi后表目的或结果,作目的还可置句首,同时还可在某些形容词后作状语
eg. John came to study Chine.
I am glad to e you.
He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
干煸牛肉的做法
V.不定式符号to的省略
1.在助动词、情态动词后(had to,ud to,ought to,be able to除外,因它们本身带to.
2.在had better,would rather…than…,rather than,do nothing other than,might as well(不妨,还是….的好,can’t help but/can’t choo but/cannot but(不得不)
3.在介词but /except/besides前有do的各种形式时。
eg.I could do nothing but wait for him here. 4.当help后面跟不定作宾语或作宾补时,不定式符号to用与不用都可以,但当主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式的动作时需要带to.
削铁如泥
eg.This book helped me toe the truth.
5在祈使句中
eg.Sit down ,plea.
感恩父母的歌曲6.在why not 或why引起的疑问句中,否定表建议,肯定表不满或委婉批评。
eg.Why not go out for a walk.
Why stand up if you can sit down.
7如果两个或两个以上具有同样功能的不定式并列第一个有to,其余无to.
eg.His wish is to enter this college and study English.
8.动词need/dare
(1)情态动词后无to
(2)实意动词肯定形式有to
(3) 实意动词否定、疑问式可有可无to eg. I need to buy a bike.
You didn’t need (to) try.
Does she dare( to) go out at night?
9.当不定式作表语时,如果句子的主语是all 或what引导从句或主语被only,first,one,least 及adj最高级修饰,且后面的从句或短语中有实意动词do 时,作表语的不定式可不用to. eg.The only thing I can do is(to) stay at home.
一望

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