商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文
一、商务合同的基本概念、分类与结构
1. 概念
2. 分类
3. 结构
二、合同英语的词汇特点及翻译策略
1. 用词专业,具有法律意味:
(1)根据不同的专业来确定词义
例1:
a. The premium rates vary with differed interests insured. ______________
b. If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the ller overdue interest on such unpaid amount. 金钗谍影_________________八字短语
c. The articles of our immediate interest are your Agricultural Washing Machines. _______
析:a. 出自保险业,意思“被保险的货物”;管道的故事b. 源于国际贸易,意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的过期利息”;c. 属于营销业,应译为“对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”。
例2:
Party B shall train Party A’s technical personnel so as to enable them to master Party B’s design, mould design, performance test and technology in machining, erection and inspection of the contracted product, so that Party A can u the technical documents and know-how supplied by Party B to produce the same product and mould in Party A’s factory.
乙方须负责对甲方技术员进行培训,以便甲方受训人员掌握合同产品的设计、模具设计、性能测试、加工工艺、装配工艺和质量检验技术,进而使甲方能利用乙方提供的技术资料和专门知识在甲方的厂内制造出相同的产品和模具。
析:此例中,原文的mould design, performance test, technology in machining, erection, inspection都可以称得上是术语,不可随便翻译,这些都应选择符合语境的技术术语译文。
(2)注意合同本身的术语(合同用语):
Rights and obligations 权利和义务
Arbitration 仲裁
Termination 终止
Force majeure 不可抗力
Jurisdiction 管辖
Undersigned 签署人
In default of 因没有
Both parties to the contract 合同双方
Breaching party 违约方
Obrvant party/non-breaching party 守约方
Liability for breach of the contract 违约责任
Constitute 构成
Damages 赔偿金
在翻译中,要对这些词语在一般文体中和在法律文体中的意义进行区分。
例词 一般文体 法律文体
Counterpart 极相似的人或物,对手,对方 有同等效力的副本
Limitation 限制 时效
Prejudice 偏见 损害
Royalty 皇室、王权 特许权使用费,版税
Negligence 疏忽 过失
Assign 分配,指派 转让(合同)等
2. 用词正式
(1)专门的套语和习语
商务合同的英语翻译应注意使用译语中专门的套语和习语,要求地道正式,避免使用口语词汇。
如:
正式 普通 中文
In effect in fact 事实上
Cea to do stop to do 停止
Prior to before 在…之前
Commencement start, begin 开始
Miscellaneous other matters/events 其他事项
Deem think 认为
By virtue of becau of 因为
as regards, concerning about 关于
pursuant to/in accordance with according to 根据,按照
as from from 自…日起
as of on 于…日
as per/in accordance with according to 按照,根据
construe explain 解释
revi, rectify correct 纠正,改正
terminate end 结束,终止
obligation, liability duty 责任,义务
(2) 古语词汇
Here/there/where + 介词 = 介词 + this/that/which/what
例如:
握住Section 10 hereof: Section 10 of this contract/agreement 本协议/合同第10条
Article 6 thereof: Article 6 of that agreement/contract ……协议/合同第6条
Parties hereto: parties to the contract 本协议/合同当事人
Set my hand and official al hereunto: t my hand and official al unto (=to) the document, 在文件上签章
Terms and conditions provided herein: terms and conditions provided in this contract, 本协议/合同规定之条款
Hereinafter: 以下,下文中
Hereby: by means of this, by reason of this, 特此,由此,兹
Whereby: by which, by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议 ,凭此条款等
The investors hereby form a joint venture… 投资方特此设立合资公司
All amounts due hereunder are payable in full to Party B without deduction.
酱汁花蛤
本协议所规定之所有到期款额应向乙方足额交付,不得抵扣。(hereunder: under this contract)
The Lead Premis are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantially completed.
当在那里的建筑物实质完成时,该租赁房屋才被认为适合占有居住。
(Therein: in that, in that particular context, in that respect, 在那里,在那点上,在那方面)
其他:
For and on behalf of 代表
Hitherto 迄今
Aforementioned running满上述的
Aforesaid 上述的
Forthwith 立刻,立即,毫不拖延
In witness whereof 特此为证
3. 用词准确
a. 情态动词
May: 表示合同上的权利(right),权限(power)或特权(privilege)的场合中使用。(可)
Shall:周杰伦最快的歌一般用来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务(obligation)。如未履行,即视为违约,并构成某种赔偿责任。 Shall在译文中常表示为“应该,必须”等,也有不译的时候。(应)
May not (或shall not): 用于禁止性义务,即“不得做什么”。绝不可用cannot或must not。
Will: 一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下,也用做表示承担义务的声明,但语气和强制力比shall弱。
Should: 在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设,多译成“万一,如果,若”等。
例1:
The parties hereto shall, first of all, ttle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for ttlement.
缅怀双方应首先通过友好协商解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如协商未果,可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。
例2:
The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the exporter and the importer in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.
货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。
例3:
The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and ttlement of the d
isputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.
本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。(shall未译出)