定义 | 名词的替身 | |||||||
人称代词：解决“谁”的问题 | ||||||||
我 | 常州淹城野生动物园你 | 他 | 她 | 它 | 他们 | 我们 | 你们 | |
主格 | I | you | he | she | it | they | we | you |
宾格 | me | you怎么写总结报告 | him | her | it | them | us | you |
使用规则:主格：作主语，动词前;宾格：动词后，介词后（不一定做宾语） | ||||||||
人称问题 | 第一人称：我I 我们we 第二人称：你you 你们you 第三人称：他/她/它he/she/it 他们they | |||||||
人称排序 | 单数：二，三，一（你为尊，他第二，我垫后） | |||||||
You, he and I go to the library together. | ||||||||
复数：一，二，三(单调复不调) | ||||||||
We, you and they go to the library together. 徐晃 | ||||||||
物主代词：解决“谁的”的问题 | ||||||||
类型 | 我的 | 你的 | 他的 | 她的 | 它的 | 他们的 | 我们的 | 你们的 |
形容词性物主代词 | My | your | his | her | its | their | our | your |
名词性物主代词 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | their | ours | yours |
使用规则：形物代+名词=名物代（必然不加名词） | ||||||||
反身代词：解决“谁自己”的问题 | ||||||||
人称 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||||
反身代词 | mylf | ourlves | yourlf | yourlves | himlf | herlf | itlf | themlves |
含义 | 我自己 | 我们自己 | 你自己 | 你们自己 | 他自己晴字开头的成语 | 她自己 | 它自己 | 他们自己 |
1.使用规则：反身代词使用时在人称、性别、数上保持一致 | ||||||||
2.常用词组： | ||||||||
1. (by )onelf 独自=on one’s own 2. enjoy onelf 玩得高兴，过得愉快 3. help onelf .... 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. 4. look after onelf=take care of onelf 照顾自己 5. say to onelf 自言自语 6. make onelf at home 不要约束 7. introduce onelf 介绍……自己 8. teach onelf 自学=learn sth by onelf 9. dress onelf 打扮 | ||||||||
注意：反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 Mylf can finish my homework. (√) I mylf can finish my homework.（×） | ||||||||
指示代词： | ||||||||
1.基本用法 | ||||||||
单数 | ||||||||
1 | this | 这个 | 近指 | This is our box. | ||||
2 | that | 那个 | 远指 | No! That isn't our box. | ||||
复数 | ||||||||
3 | 平行宇宙电影the | 这些 | 近指 | The are my books. | ||||
4 | tho | 那些 | 远指 | No! Tho books are mine. | ||||
2.问句问答 | ||||||||
使用规则：this与that提问，单数it来回答；the与tho提问，they来回答 | ||||||||
例1；—Is this his box? —Yes, it is 例2：—Are the their boxes？ —No, they aren't | ||||||||
3.人物介绍/打电话 | ||||||||
使用规则：介绍人时：this is；打电话时：this指自己 | ||||||||
I'm Peppa Pig.This is my little brother,George.This is Mummy Pig. And this is Daddy Pig. —Is that Tom ? —This is Tom speaking | ||||||||
不定代词 | ||||||||
1.some和any | ||||||||
some | 肯定句、疑问句（请求） | |||||||
any | 否定句、疑问句 | |||||||
There are some cartoons(卡通) in this picture. Can you give me some water/apples? There isn't any girl in this picture. | ||||||||
2.many与much “许多” | ||||||||
记忆技巧： many：+可数名词 much：+不可数名词 补充：some、any、a lot of=lots of +可数、不可数 | ||||||||
3.little/a little & few/ a few | ||||||||
含义 | 有一点 奇妙能力歌 | 几乎没有 | 记忆技巧：五指大法 little：6个字母组合而成，一个手数不过来(+不可数名词) few：3个字母组合而成，一个手可以数清楚(+可数名词) | |||||
不可数 | a little | little | ||||||
可数 | a few | few | ||||||
4.another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others | ||||||||
词 汇 | 用 法 | 例 句 | ||||||
another | “另一，又一” ；后不加或加单数名词 | I don’t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another （one） ? | ||||||
the other | 指两者/方中的“另一个” | He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing. I have three pens. One is red, the other two are black. | ||||||
the others=the other+复数 “其余全部的” | ||||||||
other | “其他的（人或物）”, +复数名词 | We study Chine, maths, English and other subjects. | ||||||
others | “其他的（人或物）”， 但不指剩余全部；不加任何名词 | Some like swimming, others like boating. | ||||||
hers“一些..另一些” | ||||||||
the others | 某范围内“剩余全部人或物”不加任何名词 | There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my father’s. | ||||||
5.either/each/both//neither/all/none | ||||||||
each | 1 | 不定代词；≥2中的每一个；强调主体中的个体 | ||||||
every | 1 | 限定词；≥3中的每一个；强调主体中的整体必须，作定语+单数名词 | ||||||
either | 1/2 | 要么...要么...或者...或者... | ||||||
both | 2 | 两者都... 龙骨散 | ||||||
neither | ≠2 | .既不...也不... | ||||||
all | ≥3 | /all the 名词;all放在代词后作同位语 | ||||||
none | ≠≥3 | none of+名词；回答how many/much的疑问句 | ||||||
Each of us wears a white T-shirt. Every student has pasd the exam. I have two pen but I don't like either of them. Both of the books are good. Neither of the books is good. All the students join in the club/They all agree to have a rest. None of the students in our class can work out the maths problem. | ||||||||
复合不定代词 | ||||||||
复合 | thing | body | one | where | ||||
some | something | somebody | someone | somewhere | ||||
any | anything | anybody | anyone | anywhere | ||||
every | everything | everybody | everyone | everywhere | ||||
no | nothing | nobody | no one | nowhere | ||||
使用规则：符合不定代词+形容词，形容词后置 | ||||||||
I have something important to tell you. | ||||||||
it用法 | ||||||||
一、基本用法 | ||||||||
1.主要指上文刚提到的事物，以避免重复。 | ||||||||
They watched the train until it disappeared. | ||||||||
2. 指动物或未知性别的婴儿以及不明身份的人 | ||||||||
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. | ||||||||
Someone is knocking at the door.Let's go and e who it is. | ||||||||
3. 指天气、时间、距离、环境等 | ||||||||
It’s a nice day today./It's ten o'clock. | ||||||||
二、作形式主语替代不定式 | ||||||||
1.It is +adj+ (of sb.) to do sth. “做某事的某人是怎样的” | ||||||||
注意：形容词形容的是人 常见的形容词有：bad，rude，careless，cruel，silly/stupid/foolish，horrible(讨厌的)，lazy，naughty，wrong，modest，good/kind/nice，honest，polite，wi，clever，brave等 | ||||||||
例：It is kind of you to say so. | ||||||||
2.It is +adj+(for sb.) to do sth. | ||||||||
注意：形容词形容的是事 常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural, common，normal，safe，dangerous，easy，hard，difficult，unusual，impossible，pleasant，rare等 | ||||||||
例：It is important for her to come to the party. | ||||||||
3.It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做…要花费某人… | ||||||||
例：It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. | ||||||||
三、作形式宾语替代不定式 | ||||||||
it作形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、句子，常用结构：...think/find/believe/feel/make+it+adj/n.+(for sb)to do sth | ||||||||
I find it hard to learn math. I feel it necessary to do exerci every day. I made it a rule to keep diaries. | ||||||||
易错混淆 | ||||||||
1.No one/Nobody/None/Nothing | ||||||||
no one | 相当于nobody，指人，不能指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用单数，两者之后一般均不能接 of 短语。 | |||||||
none厦门海洋馆 | 既可指人也可指物，常用于none+of+名词或代词，作主语时若名词为不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若为可数名词，则谓语可用单数或复数。 | |||||||
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