Rearch papers always contain information compiled from other sources. When you write a rearch
paper, you must cite the sources of your information. In other words, you must give proper credit to the original authors of the information and let your readers know how to find the
information for themlves. There are many different ways to cite the sources of our information, but this guide is designed to help you learn “MLA style,” outlined in the Modern Language Association’s MLA Handbook for Writers of Rearch Papers (mlahandbook ).
Before you start your rearch, you may want to print copies of the Citation Data Form /mla/ and u them to collect the bibliographic information for each of your sources. There are three main parts to MLA citation:
1. T he Information Itlf (quoting and paraphrasing properly)
2. T he In-Text Citation (giving the source of each bit of information)
3. T he “Works Cited” Page (creating a list of the sources you ud) Make sure to read the information at the beginning of all three ctions before you begin.
P a r t 1: T h e I n f o r m a t i o n I t s e l f
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All rearch papers contain information from other sources. When you u information that has been previously published by someone el, it is
important that you avoid plagiarism – prenting someone el's ideas as your own. (Plagiarism is not just cheating; it is also stealing.) There are two ways that you can include other people's ideas and words in your paper without plagiarizing: paraphrasing and quotation .
Paraphrasing
You can include someone el's ideas in your paper by putting tho ideas into your own words. This is called paraphrasing . Here are a few things to remember when paraphrasing:
∙ Always cite the source of the paraphrad information with in-text citation (e Part 2) and list the source on your Works Cited page (e Part 3). ∙ Restate the information using your own words and your own ntences . Never u the same ntence structure as the original author. ∙ Combine information from different sources. Try not to paraphra more
than one or two ntences in a row from the same source.
P a r t 2: T h e I n -T e x t C i t a t i o n
When you include information from other sources in your paper, you must include a citation that tells where the information came from (regardless of whether you quoted it or paraphrad it). At one time, MLA Style required that the citations be listed as footnotes at the bottom of the page. Now you can just inrt a shortened citation immediately after the information you have quoted or paraphrad. (Since the citations appear in the text of your paper, they are called “in-text” citations. Since they are enclod in parenthes, they are sometimes called "parenthetical" citations.)发散性思维
三国演义的内容The citation should direct the reader to that source's entry on the Works Cited page of your report. For print sources, you normally only need to五大体系
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繁星流动include the Author and Page Number in your citation. For multi-volume works like encyclopedias, include the Author , Volume Number , and Page Number (with a colon parating the volume and page). For internet sites and other sources without specific page numbers, just include the Author . If the author is not given, u the first few words of the title (in quotation marks).
You can also u someone el's exact words in your paper; you just have to clearly indicate that the words are a quotation and give proper credit to the original author. This is very uful when the original author has phrad the idea in a powerful, clever, or unique way. If the quoted text is four lines or less, you should put it in quotation marks and include it in line with the rest of your paper. If the quoted text is more than four lines, you should put it in a parate paragraph (without quotation marks) and indent it by one inch. Either way, you should introduce the quotation and make sure to explain how the information relates to your paper.
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