东莞市中堂镇1 Cyberspace: If You Don't Love it, 个人意识Leave it
1 孕吐从什么时候开始Something in the American psyche loves new frontiers. we hanker after wide-open spaces; we like to explore; we like to make rules but refu to follow them. But in this age it’s hard to find a place where you can go and be yourlf without worrying about the neighbors.
2 There is such a place: cyberspace. Formerly a playground for computer fans, cyberspace now embraces every conceivable constituency: schoolchildren, flirtatious singles, Hungarian-Americans, accountants. Can they all get along? Or will our fear of kids surfing for dirty pictures behind their bedroom doors provoke a crackdown?
3 The first order of business is to grasp what cyberspace is. It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate. Real estate, remember, is an intellectual, legal, artificial environment constructed on top of land. Real estate recognizes the difference between parkland and shopping mall, between red-light zone and school district, between church , state and drugstore.
4 In the same way, you could think of cyberspace as a giant and unbounded world of virtual real estate. Some property is privately owned and rented out; other property is common land; some places are suitable for children, and others are best avoided by all citizens. Unfortunately, it’s tho places that are now capturing the popular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards. They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place. Good citizens jump to a conclusion: Better regulate it.
5 But before using regulations to counter indecency it is fundamental to interpret the nature of cyberspace. Cyberspace isn’t a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting children, nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at unwilling viewers. In this kind of real estate, urs have to choo where they visit, what they e, what they do. It’s optional. In other words, cyberspace is a voluntary destination -----in reality, many destinations. You don’t just get “onto the net ”; you have to go someplace in particular. That means that people can choo where to go and what to e. Yes, community standards should be enforced, but tho standards sho
蒸足uld be t by cyberspace communities themlves, not by the courts or by politicians in Washington.
怎么炒肉6 What makes cyberspace so alluring is precily the way in which it’s different from shopping malls, television, highways and other terrestrial jurisdictions. But let’s define the territory:
7 First, there are private e-mail conversations, similar to the conversations you have over the telephone. These are private leeds大学and connsual and require no regulation at all.
8 Second, there are information and entertainment rvices, where people can download anything from legal texts and lists of “great new restaurants” to game software and dirty pictures. The places are like bookstores, malls and movie hous-----places where you go to buy something. The customer needs to request an item or sign up for a subscription; stuff (especially pornography) is not nt out to people who don’t ask for it. Some of the rvices are free or included as part of a broader rvice like CompuServe or America online; others charge and may bill their customers directly.
9 Third, there are “real” communities-----groups of people who communicate among themlves. In real-estate terms, they’re like bars or restaurants or bathhous. Each active participant contributes to a general conversation, generally through posted messages. Other participants may simply listen or watch.. some rvices are supervid by a moderator; others are more like bulletin boards------anyone is free to post anything. Many of the rvices started out unmoderated but are now imposing rules to keep out unwanted advertising, extraneous discussions or increasingly rude participants.
10 Cyberspace communities evolve just the way terrestrial communities do: people with like-minded interests band together. Every cyberspace community has its own character. Overall, the communities on C园林设计ompuS李小沛erve tend to be more professional; tho on America online, affluent young singles; prodigy, family-oriented. Then there are independents like echo, a hip, downtown new york rvice, or women’s wire, targeted to women who want to avoid the male culture prevalent elwhere on the net. On the internet itlf there are lots of passionate noncommercial discussion groups on topics ranging from Hungarian politics (Hungary online) to copyright law.
11 What’s unique about cyberspace is that it allows communities of any size and kind to flourish; in cyberspace, communities are chon by the urs, not forced on them by accidents of geography. This freedom gives the rules that preside in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments don’t have. Most people are stuck in the country of their birth, but if you don’t like the rules of a cyberspace community, you can just sign off. Love it or leave it. Likewi, if parents don’t like the rules of a given cyberspace community, they can restrict their children’s access to it.
12 What’s likely to happen in cyberspace is the formation of new communities, free of the constraints that cau conflict on earth. Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, we’ll have invented another world of lf-contained communities that cater to their own members’ inclinations without interfering with anyone el’s. the possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. In cyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed------intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in; others will restrict access to members who qualif
y on one basis or another. Tho communities that prove lf-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subts with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Tho that can’t survive----either becau people lo interest or get scared off-----will simply wither away.
