Question 11-21:
Printmaking is the generic term for a number of process, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in rever.
The woodcut had been ud in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raid. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raid image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.
Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carv
e"). The image is incid into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incid grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.高中生怎么减肥
Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itlf to subtle modeling and shading through the u of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A t of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield veral hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.
晋厉公11. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The origins of textile decoration
B. The characteristics of good-quality prints
C. Two types of printmaking
D. Types of paper ud in printmaking
12. The word "prime" in line 2 is clost in meaning to
A. principal
B. complex
C. general
D. recent
13. The author's purpos in paragraph 2 is to describe
A. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century
B. the u of woodcuts in the textile industry
C. the process involved in creating a woodcut
D. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe
14. The word "incid" in line 15 is clost in meaning to
A. burned
B. cut
C. framed
D. baked
15. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/
A. "patterns"(line 5)
B. "grain"(line 8)
C. "burin"(line 16)
D. "grooves"(line 17)
16. The word "distinctive" in line 19 is clost in meaning to
A. unique
B. accurate
C. irregular
D. similar
17. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it
A. developed from the art of the goldsmiths
B. requires that the paper be cut with a burin
C. originated in the fifteenth century
D. involves carving into a metal plate
望梅止渴的故事
米苋菜18. The word "yield" in line 23 is clost in meaning to
A. imitate
B. produce
C. revi
D. contrast
19. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?背三字经
A. Their designs are slightly raid.
B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.
髋关节疼痛的治疗C. They were first ud in Europe.
D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.
20. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century?
A. Prints could be made at low cost.
B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.
C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.
D. Decread demand for prints kept prices affordable.
清明节是几月几号21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they
A. can be reproduced on materials other than paper
B. are created from a reverd image
C. show variations between light and dark shades
D. require a printing press
Questions 22-31:
The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained thems
花儿为谁开elves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they ttled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of the early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the prent-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
