1,Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.安全教育班会记录
2,Displacement: It means that human languages enable their urs to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not prent (in time and space) at the moment of communication.
日记一百字3. Competence: It is an esntial part of performance. It is the speaker’s knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.
4. Synchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the prent or a particular point in the past; synchronic analys can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.
成员英文5. Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be formed out of a small number of elements – for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small t of sounds, around 48 in the ca of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible ntences and phras, which in turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language.
If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of sound combinations, e.g. words, which are distinct in meaning.
6 .It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many things. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free from limitations.
31. Sound assimilation: Speech sounds ldom occur in isolation. In connected speech, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neig
hboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both original sounds. This process is called sound assimilation.
32. Supragmental feature: The phonetic features that occur above the level of the gments are called supragmental features; the are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the ntence. The main supragmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone.羽毛球发力
管辖权异议上诉>11月14号33. Complementary distribution: The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution.
34. Distinctive features: It refers to the features that can distinguish one phoneme from another. If we can group the phonemes into two categories: one with this feature and the other without, this feature is called a distinctive feature.
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V.35.Acoustic phonetics deals with the transmission of speech sounds through the air. When a speech sound is produced it caus minor air disturbances (sound waves). Various instruments are ud to measure the characteristics of the sound waves.
36.When the vocal cords are spread apart, the air from the lungs pass between them unimpeded. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless; consonants [p, s, t] are produced in this way. But when the vocal cords are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it pass through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiced. [b, z, d] are voiced consonants.
31.Blending: It is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like newscast (news + broadcast), brunch (breakfast + lunch)
32. Allomorph: It is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.
33. Clo-class word: It is a word who membership is fixed or limited. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. are all clod-class words.
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34. Morphological rule: It is the rule that governs which affix can be added to what type of ba to form a new word, e.g. –ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.
31. Syntax: Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words are combined to form ntences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of ntences.
