Oil Spills 漏油
Before You Read 阅前思考
Answer the following questions.
1. Which oil companies are famous in your country?
2. Have there been any large oil spills reported in the news recently? If yes, where?
3. How do you think most oil spills are caud?
Target Vocabulary 目标词汇
Match each word with the best meaning.
1. affect a. necessary; required
2. disaster b. lasting for a long time (opposite: short-term)
3. esntial c. something very bad that happens, usually causing a lot of damage
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4. float d. not deep
5. harm e. to cau or allow liquid to fall from a container
6. leak f. (for a liquid or gas) escape through a hole or crack in a container
7. long-term g. cau an effect
8. occur h. rest or move at the top of, and supported by, liquid or air
9. shallow i. happen
10. spill j. damage
Reading Passage 阅读文章
Oil is esntial for modern life-apart from its u in transportation, it is also ud in making fertilizers, plastics, and many other products.
About 64 percent of the world’s oil is located in the
Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are
Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in
getting the oil from the countries that produce it to
the countries that consume it. This is mainly done
using oil tankers. There are roughly 4, 000 oil
tankers in u today, and every day more than 100
million tons of oil is shipped. Usually this oil is
shipped safely and with not problems, but
occasionally there is a disaster.
Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history have been caud by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker running aground in shallow water. After the spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future.
One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon V
aldez tanker ran aground off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn’t the largest oil spill of all time, the area. In this spill, the tanker’s captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route the ship was taking. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef, a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1, 600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area estimate that 580, 000 birds and 5, 5000 otters died as a result of the oil from the spill covering their skin. Smaller shellfish and other a creatures living on the whales, and other animals.
The most oil ever spilled was actually relead on purpo as part of the Iraqi war plan during the Gulf War in 1991. Almost a million tons of oil were relead into the Persian Gulf. This oil covered 1, 500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf, and also damaged 650 kilometers of
the coastlines of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and fish were all riously harmed by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are likely to cau problems far into the future.
Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which country is NOT among the largest consumers of oil?
a. Germany
b. lraq
c. Japan
d. the Unite d states
2. According to the passage,
a. may involve one or two tankers.
b. usually occur
c. are usually harmless.英文情诗
d. are caud by wildlif
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e.
3. Why did the sailor run the Exxon Valdez aground?
a. He was tired.
b. He was drunk
c. He did not know the area.
d. He was watching the otters at the tim
e.
大连国际服装节4. What ntence about the Alaskan spill is ture?
a. More otters were killed than birds.
b. Birds died from eating the oil.
c. It was the worst oil spill of all time.
d. Seals and whales were affected by eating. smaller a animals.
5. Which country was responsible for dumping oil into the Persian Gulf?
a. Iraq
b. Kuwait
c. Saudi Arabia
d. the United Sates Idioms 习语
Find each idiom in the story.
1. at fault-responsible or to blame for a bad situation
The drunk driver was at fault for the accident.
The two neighbors went to court to decide who was at fault.
2. run into-crash into something; meet someone by chance
The car ran into a tree becau the driver feel asleep.
Francesca ran into some friends at the rodeo.
3. on purpo-with reason; not by accident
Sung-Taek left the door open on purpo. It was hot inside.
I didn’t hit you on purpo. It was an accident.
V ocabulary Reinforcement 词汇强化
A. Circle the letter of the word or phra that best complete the ntence.
1. No one was . It was an accident.
a. at fault
b. on purpo
c. unconscious
d. offensive
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2. While I was out shopping, I an old friend.
a. took advantage of
b. broke into
c. ran into
d. looked down on
3. Water is for humans to live.
a. abnormal
b. permanent
c. leaded
d. esntial
4. The effects of the government’s decision won’t be known for many years.
a. short-term
b. long-term
c. temporary
d. period
5. I can’t cycle to work this morning. There is a hole in my tire, and all the air was .
a. leaked
b. spilled
c. fallen
d. floated
6. The river is quite here, and you can walk across it.
a. esntial
b. spectacular
c. specific
d. shallow
7. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the a?
a. leak
b. sink
c. float
个人简历表格免费下载d. spill
8. Although they had guns, the bank robbers didn’t anyone in the robbery.
a. steal
b. harm
c. affect
d. inject
B. Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra.
Millions of tons of oil are shipped over the oceans in tankers every year. Sometimes lots of this oil may be (1) into the ocean. One terrible spill (2) when the Exxon Valdez tanker (3) a reef in shallow water, and millions of liters of oil leaked out of the ship. This accident created a (4) in the area becau plants and animals in the ocean and along the coast were (5) . However, the largest oil spill in history was spilled (6) as part of Iraq’s war plan during the 1991 Gulf War.
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What Do You Think? 你怎么想？
1. What can people do to reduce the amount of oil they u?
2. What can people do to help protect ocean life?
Part 1: Find the different word 找出不同类的单词
One of the four words is different from the other three. Circle the letter of your choice.
1. a. visible b. mental c. attitude d. point of view
2. a. artificial b. unnatural c. abnormal d. regular
3. a. enable b. ban c. make possible d. allow
4. a. media b. budget c. television d. make the headlines
5. disaster b. harm c. benefit d. damage
Part 2: Read and answer 阅读并答题
Read the passage and decide if the statement is true, fal, or unknown. Circle your answer.
One of the worst oil spills in history occurred in March 1978 in northwestern France. A ship named the Amoco Cadiz was traveling from the Arabian Gulf to a French port when it got into trouble. It ran aground in shllow water and them broke apart. At first, it was not clear who was at fault becau the
accident happened in a bad storm. Later, people learned that the streeing equipment on the ship was broken.
High winds and tides were the main factors that caud the disaster. About 220, 000 tons of oil rapidly spilled out of the damaged ship. It floated to shore and covered everything. Within a month, the oil covered over three hundred kilometers of neighboring coastline.
The oil affected the environment badly. It harmed many species of animals, fish and plants. It caud long-term damage to the local economy that relied on fishing and tourism. To an extent, scientists were able to u detergents to clean up the oil, but then they found that detergents damaged the environment too. Some of the oil continued to cau problems for three years.
In 1998, twenty years after the disaster, scientists held a meeting to talk about what they had learned from the accident. They know that the incident had nothing to do with human error and certainly no one caud it on purpo. However, once the accident occurred, not enough was done to try to save the environment.
1. true fal unknown To this day no one knows why the Amoco Cadiz oil spill
occurred.
2. true fal unknown The oil spill happened when the ship ran into another ship.
3. true fal unknown By April the oil relead from the ship covered the coast for
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more than three hundred kilometers.
4. true fal unknown The most significant industries of the area were fishing and
tourism.
5. true fal unknown The 1998 conference was held in France
