Chapter 1 Diction正确选择词义
一、Diction选词
Diction means proper choice of words in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.简爱的爱情观
例如：charge
This general was charged with treason.
这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。
The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the rearch work.
委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项工作。
As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived, the solders charged the enemy position bravely.
总攻时间一到，战士们勇猛地向敌人的阵地冲去。
She complained that she had been charged too much.
她抱怨说，向她收的费太高了。
The power in place, he rammed in a long iron rod to tamp down in charge.
火药装好后，他伸进去一根长铁钎以便把炸药捣实。
This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later.
这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内，让你以后付款。
Having charged the battery, he t the engine in motion.
电池充电后，他启动了马达。
二、Polymy一词多义
It means that one word has various parts of speech and various meanings. Faith said, “Each word when ud in a new context is a new word.”例如：run ---Webster’s New
nd
横店华夏文化园
三、Methods方法
1.根据词性确定词义
英语有些词在用作不同词性时有不同意义。例如：right
Your account of what happened is not quite right.
北京游你对于发生的事情的叙述不太正确。
Go right on until you reach the church.
一直往前走，直到你叨叨教堂为止。
It’s my right of way, so that lorry must stop or slow down until I’ve pasd it.
我有优先通行权。
She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.
她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫一案伸冤。
2.根据上下文和逻辑关系确定词义
一般说来，一个孤立的英语单词，其词义是游移不定的，但当该词处于特定的联立关系中时，它的词义受到毗邻词的制约。因此，根据上下文和逻
辑关系判别词义是词义辨析中非常重要而且可行的办法。
Verbal context: including time context, place context, cultural background.
例如：
●George pasd.
根据不同的上下文有不同的理解。如果在踢球，那么说乔治踢了球。如果在玩桥牌，那么说乔治没有叫牌。如果是参加某种考试，那么说乔治考及格了。
●动词是多义词，多义词在各种不同的关系中会有各种不同的意义，例如：We pasd another town before daylight.
我们在天亮前经过
．．了另一个镇。
I ud to pass the whole evening that way.
以前我总是这样消磨
．．整个黄昏。
Now the moment has pasd.
现在已经错过
．．机会了。
If I kept on reading that feeling would pass.
如果我继续这样下去，这种感觉就会消失
．．。
That vesl will soon be passing us.
那只船就要和我们相遇
．．了。
We know what was passing in his mind.
鸡胸病
我们知道他心理在想．什么。
●形容词“good”一般意义为“好”，但在上下文里含有不同的意义，译成
汉语时，也应该有所不同。例如：
It was a good dinner.
这是一个丰盛的
．．．宴会。
He proved to be a good listener.
他这个人善．于．倾听别人说话。
Tom must be a good football player.
汤姆一定是个优秀的
．．．足球队员。
I can’t find good words for it.
我找不到合适的语言来表达。
It was a good morning; there were high white clouds above the mountain.
这是一个明媚的早晨，群山上高高地飘着白云。
The cheques are all good, of cour.
当然，这些支票是完全有效的。
Each time he gave the bartender a good tip.
每次他都给酒保优厚的小费。
I do not speak without good evidence.
我不会说没有可靠根据的话。
It was a good paper.
这是一家声誉很高的报纸。
●名词“context”在各句的意思。
We can make out the meaning of the word from the context.
我们可以从上下文判断出这个词的意思。波摩威士忌
We should ttle the disputes in the context of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
我们应当在和平共处五项原则的基础上解决这些争端。（in the context of 以……为精神，在……的基础上）
It is in this context that the tragedy of Sahara was born.
撒哈拉沙悲剧正在这种情况下发生。
We must operate within the context of the Olympian Spirit.
我们必须按照奥林匹克精神办事。
In this context, I’ve to call your attention to the fact that the peaceful trend in the Indo-China Peninsula is esntial to peace in the world.
就此而论，我不得不提醒大家注意这样一个事实：印度支那半岛局势的稳定对世界和平来说是至关重要的。
栖息近义词“Proper words in proper place make the true definition of style.”
合适的词用在合适的地方就是好文章。
——Jonathan Swift
●此外，英语中有些词固定搭配相同，由于上下文不同，句意可能发生变
手机网速
化，必须进行逻辑判断，以求对原文词义正确理解和翻译。例如：
He traveled to foundling homes, prisons and lunatic asylums in his arch for people with extraordin
ary heads, and in time built up a huge catalogue of the relationship between particular mental characteristics and bumps on the skull.
他走访了育婴堂、监狱、精神病院，去寻找头型特殊的人，同时积累起大批资料，记载特殊的脑功能特点与颅骨凸起部分之间的关系。
I know you think I am talking nonn, but in time you will realize that was
right.
我知道你认为我在胡说八道，但你将来终究会理解我说的话是对的。
We have been working all day. We must have a break.
我们一整天了，必须休息一下。
Suddenly the line went limp. “I am going back.” Said Smith. “We must have a break somewhere. Wait for me. I’ll be back in five minutes.”
引爆线突然耷拉下来。史密斯说：“我回去看看，一定是某个地方断了线。
等一下，我五分钟就回来。”
3.根据词义的褒贬性
任何语言都有语体之分，有文雅、通俗、粗野；还有俚语、公文语以及术语等。文学作品中，作家通过不同的语体来刻划任务性格特征。翻译时，必须审其雅俗，量其轻重，这样才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。翻译时有五要素：节奏的缓急，态度的褒贬，感情的浓淡，语气的轻重和用语的雅俗。
●词语的轻重：例如：
shine 照耀；指光的稳定发射
glitter 闪光；指光的不稳定发射
glare 耀眼；表示光的最强度
sparkle 闪烁；指发射微细的光度
twinkle 闪烁；指轻快有节奏地闪烁
●词义的范围和侧重不同：
agriculture 指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程，包括的范围最广
farming 指农业的实践
cultivation 指农作物的栽培技术
agronomy 指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践
●模拟动作情状不同：
walk走
saunter悠然自得地走
amble从容不迫地走
stride大踏步地走
trudge步履艰难地走
traip懒散疲乏地走
shamble蹒跚地走
prance昂首阔步地走
scamper蹦蹦跳地走
clump拖着沉重的脚步走
●词语的感情色彩：例如death
to expire逝世
to pass away去世
茶壶里煮饺子to clo (end) one’寿终s day
