译林版初中英语八年级下册全册Units1--8单元重点短语、句型、语法整理
八英下Unit1 Past and prent
一、重点句型、词组、词汇讲解整理
1.I've just eaten it.我刚刚把它吃了。(eat-ate-eaten)
just adv. 意为“刚刚”，常与现在完成时连用。
< They have just arrived. 他们刚刚到达。
注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。
2.①ud to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事/以前经常做某事/曾经做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。
< His parents ud to live in the countryside. 他的父母过去住在乡下。
Tom ud to get up early, didn't he?/ udn't he? Tom过去常常早起，不是吗？
②be/get ud to doing sth.习惯于/适应于做某事
< My father is ud to reading newspapers after dinner. 我父亲习惯于晚餐后看报纸。
③be ud to do 被用来做...
< A pen is ud to write with. 笔是用来书写的。
把...变成... 相当于
Heat turns water into vapor . 热使水变成蒸气。
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
turn on打开turn off关上turn up调高turn down调低turn around转身
by turns轮流地in turn依次turn in 上交
4.in some ways 在某种程度上
in this way以这种方式on the way (to )在...的路上
by the way 顺便说下no way 没门in any way 无论如何
5.It has become impossible for us to e each other as often as before.对我们来说，像以前一样相互见面已经变得不可能了。
< It is necessary for us to study English hard. 对我们来说，努力学习英语是必要的。It is kind of you to help us.帮助我们，你真好。
①如果形容词是描述行为者的性格.品质的，如kind，good，nice，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用It is +adj.of sb to do sth.这个句型。
②如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的特点的，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等，用It is +adj. for sb to do sth.这个句型。
6. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤独
feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤独from time to time=at times=sometimes有时
a bit和a little “稍微”.“有点” ，修饰形容词.副词。在肯定句中可以互换。
a little 直接修饰不可数名词；而a bit修饰不可数名词时，其后须加上of，构成“a bit of+n.”结构。
a bit和a little的否定式意义正好相反。not a bit=not at all，意为“毫不”；而not a little=very much，意为“非常”,“很”。e.g. He is not a bit tired.他一点不累。He is not a little tired.他很累。
a few/few用在复数可数名词之前，little/a little用在不可数名词之前。
He took a little butter.((肯定) He took little butter.(否定)
7.becau of being alone 因为独自一人.
lonely, alone的区别：
①lonely作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独.寂寞；是内心的情感。lonely修饰地点时，意为：“荒凉的，偏僻的”。
②alone指单独.独自的意思，是客观情况。作表语。
8.way
in a way 在某种程度上；稍稍 e.g. In a way, you're right. 从某一点上看你是对的。
in some ways：在某种程度上；在某些方面e.g. In some ways I agree with you.在某种程度上我同意你的观点
in the way挡道
on = on one'在去...的路上She is on her way out the door. 她往户外走的路上。
银耳炖雪梨
on the way home 在回家路上(home 是副词，所以省to)
on the way to school 在上学路上
the the
the way to the post office 去邮局的路by the way 顺便说一下
9. the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化→the ...的变化
change n.变化，常用复数changes。e.g. Great changes have taken place since 2015.自从2015年以来，发生很大的变化。
10. We lived till 1965, when I got married. →get married结婚→get/be married to sb与某人结婚
⑴marry sb与某人结婚，e.g. She married a football player.她嫁给了一位足球运动员。
⑴marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. 他把女儿嫁给了一位演员。⑴get/be married to sb和某人结婚，e.g. Peter got married to Lily on 8 August, 2018. 2018年八月八号，Peter和Lily结婚了。⑴表示“已经结婚”用have/has got married；但是表示“已经结婚多久”用have/has been married for＋时间段或since＋时间点。e.g. ⑴They have got married. 他们已经结婚了。⑴They have been married for 10 years.他们已经结婚十年了。11.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caud many problems for people.
⑴bring advantages to ...给...带来好处，advantage优点；有利条件→disadvantage缺点；不利条件⑴cau 给...带来麻烦
二、重点短语归纳整理
鸡兔同笼的例题1. in the past few years 在过去的几年中
2. at prent 目前
3. in the future未来；将来
4. an hour ago 一小时前
5. in the bowl在碗里
6. share sth. with sb.和某人分享...
7. be kind to sb.对某人友好8. wait for the next one 等下一...
9. very well 非常了解... 10. since I was born自我出生以来
11. move hou 搬家12. get/be married to sb.= marry sb.和某人结婚13.marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁给某人14. since then 从那以后
15. move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外16. change a lot改变许多17. over the years 在这些年期间(用于现在完成时)
18. in the town center= in the center of the town在镇中心
19. a steel factory 一家钢铁厂
20. water pollution水污染air pollution空气污染noi pollution噪音污染
21. put the waste into the river把废料扔进河
put away 收好put on 穿上put off 推迟/延期
23.take action to improve the situation采取行动改善情况
24.much cleaner 干净得多
25.have a beautiful modern town 拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇
28.play cards and Chine chess 打牌，下中国象棋
29. the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变
30.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼
31.all one's life 某人的一生32. repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车
33.the changes in Beijing北京的变化34. over the past century上个世纪期间35.learn more about更多了解关于... 36. plan to do sth.计划做某事
37. hear about/of 听说hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
38. clean and fresh air干净新鲜的空气39.living condition居住环境
40. railway station火车站41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交进出城镇
42. another big change 另一个大变化
43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓move 搬出...
44. return from the USA 从美国回来return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
45. go abroad 出国，去国外at home or abroad在国内外
46. at primary school 在小学47.keep in touch with each other互相保持联络
49.make communication much easier使沟通更容易
communicate with sb. 和某人沟通
50.be/get ud to (doing) sth 习惯于（做）某事
get ud to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化
51. take place发生（有目的有计划的）.举行happen发生(偶然发生)
52. green hills all around 到处都是青山
53. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心
54. on one's own = by onelf = alone独自
55. throw rubbish扔垃圾56. in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方
57. in their free time 在他们业余时间58. travel around the town在镇里转转
59. have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车
60.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的公路
61.wide and clean streets宽阔而干净的街道
< trees on both sides两边绿树63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活
64. from time to time=at times=sometimes有时
三、语法归纳整理
现在完成时
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have / has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not，疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
否定式疑问式及答语
I have not (haven't) Have ? Yes, you have. No, you haven't.
You have not (haven't) Have ? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
He has not (hasn't) Has ? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
（2）用法：
①现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成，但强调的是过去发生了某一动作这样一个事实。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间，则一般用现在完成时；如果说明了动作发生的具体时间，带有表示过去的时间状语，则用一般过去时。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I'm sure we've met before. 我确定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
②表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, the days, recently, now, lately, , , in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等。e.g.
I haven't heard from her the days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven't en you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday. 她从星期一就一直和我们在一起。
注意：
1）表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lo, fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
×He has come here for 2 weeks.
×The old man has died for 4 months.
×They have left only for 5 minutes.
以上三句话可以改为：
It's two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.
It's 4 months since the old man died. The old man has been dead for 4 months.
They have been away only for 5 minutes.
2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上/已经到加拿大/或在从加拿大返回的路上）.
3）现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven't read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Mary has always been a good student. Mary一直是个好学生。
I have often en him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan'an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't en him lately. 我近来没看到他。
八英下Unit 2 Travelling
一、重点句型、词组、词汇讲解整理
1.miss sb. very much 非常想念某人
有关风景的作文miss v. 1)思念；想念When I studied in USA，I misd my parents very much.当我在美国学习时，我非常想念我的父母。
2)错过，没赶上Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.快点，否则你将赶不上公交了。
n. 小姐，后接姓氏时，常常大写This is my English teacher, Miss Li. 这是我的英语老师，李女士。
2.spend the whole day at Disneyland在迪斯尼度过一整天
spend v 1）度过I spent my winter holiday in Hainan.我在海南度过了寒假。
2) 花费spend + 时间/金钱on + 名词
spend + 时间/金钱(in) doing sth.
< I spent an hour on my homework yesterday. 我昨天在作业上花一小时。
I spent an hour (in) doing my homework yesterday. 我昨天花一小时做作业。
< the way 在路上on the way to + 地点在去...的路上
on one's way to + 地点在某人去...的路上
注意：遇到home/here/there 等地点副词时省略to
4. e sb. playing on the sand看到某人正在沙滩上玩
e somebody doing sth 看到某人正在做某事
e somebody do sth 看到某人做某事的过程或经常看到某人做某事
Jim often es Mary help others. Jim经常看见Mary帮助别人。
不轨之徒5.die v 死亡His grandfather died last week. 他爷爷上周死了。
death n 死亡He cried after knowing his grandfather's death.知道爷爷死了，他哭了。dying 动词现在分词；形容词奄奄一息的，垂死的
His grandfather is dying. 他的爷爷快过世了。
dead 形容词死的His grandfather has been dead for three years.他爷爷去世三年了。
6.1)except与besides
都可表示“除外”，但besides表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有...”；而except 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有...”。e.g.
Besides his wife，his daughter also went to e him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
Nobody went to e him except his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
2)关于except 与except for：
哪些是高蛋白食物
except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而except for是"除了因为...；要不是...；除去...一点外"的意思，表示"对一个人或事物，先做一个整体评价，然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定，另一部分被否定，这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是：除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。
吉隆坡His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。
7.in front of (在某物外部的前面）There are two trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有两棵树。
in the front of (在某物内部的前面）There are a teacher's desk in the front of the classroom.在教室前面有一张教桌。
9.have a bird's-eye view of：鸟瞰.俯视
< From the hill we can have a bird's-eye view of the city. 从山上我们可以鸟瞰全城。
< on a school trip 进行一次学校旅行
11.in all总共, 合计；总之above all 最重要的是, 首先; 尤其是, 特别是
after all毕竟, 终究, 归根结底first of all首先
12.The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天气与北京不同。
在as...as..., not as..., the , be 或形容词.副词的比较等级结构中，当主语为不可数名词时，后者用that代替。当主语是名词复数时，后者用tho代替。
< ⑴Usually the pollution in big cities is much more rious than that in the countries. 通常城市的污染比农村严重的多。
⑴There are more books in our library than tho in theirs.我们图书馆的书比他们图书馆的多。
二、重点短语归纳整理
1. go to sp for a/one's holiday去某地度假
2. be on holiday在度假
3. have been to sp去过某地（已经回来）
4. have gone to sp去了某地（还没回来）
5.join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事
6. get ready for sth. 为...做好准备get ready to do sth. 准备做某事
7.take sth. with sb.随身携带8. places of interest 名胜
9. e each other 互相见面10. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人
11.have a fantastic/good/great/nice/lovely/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy onelf玩得愉快
12. get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in sp. 到达某地(没有目的地只用arrive)
13.at the speed of ... 以...的速度14. through the ride在行程中
15.（动词)hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry(名词) 匆忙赶往某地
16. such as/for example例如
17. later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午迟些时候
18. the best part of the day 这天最好的部分
19. run after sb.追赶某人20. can't stop doing =can't help doing 禁不住做某事
21. stop to do something停下来去做另一件事
stop doing something停止正在做的事情
22.be like magic像魔法一样23. a couple of = a pair of 一双；一对美丽的深秋
24. near/at the end of 将近/在...结束的时候25. in the end=finally 最后
26. by the end of到..为止27. during your stay there 在你待在那期间
28.let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物
< to sp to attend a meeting去某地开会30.在沙滩上玩play on the sand
31. by the way顺便说一下32. invite sb to go for a picnic邀请某人去野餐
< for a picnic /have a picnic 去野餐34.Chine gardens中国园林
35.places of natural beauty 自然景观
< there all year round(during the whole year)全年去那儿
37.in any ason 在任何季节38.at that time of year在一年的那个时刻
< to sp on business 去某地出差40.leave for sp 动身去某地，前往某地
42.in the early morning 在一大早
43.take a plane to sp / take a flight to sp 坐飞机去某地
go to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane
44.wave to sb.向某人挥手
三、语法归纳整理
have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别和用法
have/has gone to意为“去了某地”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称.第二人称代词作句子的主语。e.g.
---Where is Jim？---吉姆在哪里？
---He has gone to England．---他去英国了。（尚未回来）
女性养生茶Mr Wang isn't here．He has gone to Qingdao．王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。
have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。e.g.
My father has been to Beijing twice．我父亲去过北京两次。
I have never been to the Great Wall．我从未去过长城。
have/has been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。e.g.
I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。
