TOEFL托福阅读真题精选篇
为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1
PASSAGE 50
The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or houhold arts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce United States muums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be tr
aced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revid to admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces.
The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized process that threatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandi. Founded in the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and William Morris, the movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidly industrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an esntial moral ingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the only form of art, Ruskin and his followers criticized not only the degradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to beauty.
In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of handcrafted objects: simple, straightforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. The criteria were interpreted in a variety of st
yles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts design is nature.
The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home and its appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects. For both artisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was en as a magical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization.
1. The passage primarily focus on nineteenth-century arts and crafts in terms of which of the following?
(A) Their naturalistic themes
(B) Their importance in muum collections
(C) Their British origin
同仁堂四妙丸>纵虎归山 (D) Their role in an industrialized society
2. According to the passage , before the nineteenth century, artisans were thought to be
围棋段位怎么分 (A) defenders of moral standards
(B) creators of cheap merchandi
(C) skilled workers
(D) artists
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movement would have considered
前进路 all of the following to be artists EXCEPT
宝宝简笔画 (A) creators of textile designs
(B) people who produce handmade glass objects
(C) operators of machines that automatically cut legs for furniture
江苏一本线 托福阅读真题2
PASSAGE 51
In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was pasd to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to lected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and obrve there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed. 李现体重
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were propod as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of the established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a tting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among the species.
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