6.Although Jane thought her father emed anxious and uneasy ,Susan did not perceive my change in his looks or ways.
7.After years of rearch ,scientists have identified the virus that is responsible for the dia .
8.North Africans,make up the largest immigrant group in the country .
9.Despite the limitation of survey ,it did suggest some general trends .
10.You don’t have to be a genius to e that it is not going to work.
Chapter4\Word Formation 构词
最是一年春好处
Conversion 转换
Clipping截断法
Blending 混合
acronymy 首字母拼音
4.1Affixation 廉洁廉政附加法
凌美钢笔
Is one of the major ways of word formation ,by which new words are formed by attaching affixes to the front or the back of word bas.
1. prefixation 前缀法negative prefixes 否定前缀 pejorative prefixes 错误意义的前缀 prefixes of degree or size 表范围和程度的前缀 prefixes of orientation and attitude 前缀的取向和态度 Locative Prefixes 方位前缀 Prefixes of Time and Order表时间和顺序的前缀
number prefixes数字前缀 conversion prefixes转化前缀 miscellaneous prefixes 其他类型前缀
早上起来口苦2. Suffixation 加后缀 deverbal 从动词派生出来的词 denominal 来自名词形容词的词 suffix
ation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bas .
讲民间故事1） Noun suffixes 名词后缀
denominal nouns 由名词转换或派生的词Deverbal nouns 从动词派生出来名词
De-adjective nouns 由形容词转化的词noun and adjective suffixes 名字或形容词后缀
2）adjective suffixes 形容词后缀denominal suffixes deverbal suffixes
3）adverb suffixes
4)verb suffixes
4.2Compounding复合
Is one of the major ways of word formation by which new words are created by combining two or more bas together.
1. character of compounds 复合特征 phonological features 音韵特性 mantic Features
语义特性grammatical features语法特性orthographical features 正字法特性
2. Formation of compounds复合构造 noun compounds;adjective compounds;verb compounds苤蓝的营养价值
4.3 conversion 转化
Is one of the major ways formation new words are formed by converting part of speech of a word into another part of speech without changing the form.
Functional shift 功能性转变 zero-derivation 零推导
Conversion to nons deverbal;De-adjectival
Conversion to verbs denominal :de-adjectival
Conversion to adjectives voiceless to voiced consonant;initial to end stress
4.4 Blending 混合
Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word .words formed as such are called blends or portmanteau混成 words .
4.5 Clipping 截取法
苓桂咳喘宁胶囊Another common way of making a word is to shorten ,or clip a longer word ,know as clipping .it is the formation of new words by cutting a part of the original and using what remains instead
Types:front clipping back clipping ;front and back clipping ;phra clipping .
4.6Acronymy首字母拼音法
Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of composite names of social and political organizations or phras ud as technical terms.words formed in this way are called acronyms ,which can be subdivided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of words .
Initialisms 首字母缩略词: letters reprent full words ;letters reprent constituent in a compound or just parts of a word.
acronyms首字母缩略词
4.7Back-formation 逆词够法
Is one of the minor ways informing new words by which new words are created by removing imagined or suppod suffixes way.the words are usually verbs from existing nouns or another form.
4.8 sound reduplication 声音重叠as term indicates,sound reduplication is the formation of compound words by repeating the same with little or no change.words made in this way are know as reduplicatives.
Type:abstract nouns;agential nouns;compound nouns and others;adjectives
4.9Commonization of proper names 普通专有名称假期英文apart from the means of word format
ion discusd so far ,there is an interesting source for the enrichment of English vocabulary ,i.e .proper names.
Names of people
Names of places
Names of books
tradenames
Chapter5.word meaning and componential analysis 语义和成分分析
5.1 word meaning
Reference引用 words are but symbols,many of which have meaning only when they have ference is the relationship between language and the world.
Concept 概念concept which is beyond language ,is result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind.
