Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are bad on the following passage.
做梦梦见掉牙齿You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The“coca” in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drinks originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup(姜汁). At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic(滋补品), and Pemberton’s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name reprents another ingredient，less infamous(名声不好的), perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut.
In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, becau they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants.
Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of
英语教师工作计划years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.
Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portugue ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portugue took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.
By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink,it reprented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.
坐公交车共成语
The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine rvings a day across all the Atl
anta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchad daily. It’s become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985 — sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales — proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. “Coca-Cola Classic”， returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Coke” was relead.上篮技巧30招
The days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a cloly guarded cret. But it’s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.
你可能听说可口可乐曾经含有一种能够使消费者“死忠”的成分：可卡因。名中的“coca”指的是古柯叶的提取物，该饮料的创始人化学家约翰·彭伯顿用它与含糖的姜汁混合在一起。当时，古柯叶提取物与葡萄酒混合是常见的滋补品，而当地法律禁止出售含酒精饮料，彭伯顿的甜饮则避开了该法律。“c考驾照体检流程ola”代表另一种成分——可乐果：尽管名声不太好，但非常给力。
在西非，人们长期以来一直嚼着可乐果作为兴奋剂，因为它们含有咖啡因。咖啡因在茶、
咖啡和巧克力中也天然存在。它们也有心脏兴奋剂。
历史学家保罗·洛夫乔伊指出，西非的可乐果种植已有数百年的历史。枝繁叶茂的可乐果树被种植在坟墓上，作为传统仪式的一部分。尽管可乐果需要保持湿润，在运输上需要谨慎处理，但是贸易商却带着它们穿越森林和草原，运送了数百英里。
直到十六世纪，葡萄牙船只抵达现在的塞拉利昂海岸时，欧洲人才知道它们。尽管葡萄牙人也加入了可乐果贸易，将可乐果和其他货物一起装船运输，但1620年英国探险家理查德·乔布森前往冈比亚看到可乐果时，仍觉得它奇怪。
到十九世纪后期，可乐果才被大量运往欧洲和美国。很多可乐果入了药，把它做能量增强剂。当时有一种受欢迎的药用饮料叫马里亚尼葡萄酒，是一种法国产的古柯提取物与红葡萄酒的混合。该产品由法国化学家安杰洛·马里亚尼于1863年创建。所以当彭伯顿创造了他的饮料，代表着不断发展的趋势。可卡因作为饮料配料最终“失宠”时，可乐果提取物变得受欢迎起来。
第一年，可口可乐在所有亚特兰大的冷饮小卖部的销量只有平均九份每天。随着它越来越
受欢迎，该公司开始销售瓶装苏打水，所以它更便于随身携带。现在每天的销量高达约十九亿瓶。可口可乐俨然已成为一种标志，以至于1985年改变其的口味的尝试被证明是灾难性的 ： 原以为使其变得更甜可以促进销售 ，不料引起了消费者普遍愤慨。“经典可口可乐”在“新可乐”发布后的三个月后重新回到货架上。
什么东西最解酒直到现在，可口可乐的配方仍是一个严格保守的秘密。据说它不再含有古柯提取物，而是依靠人造的仿制品来达到相同的口味。
46. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?
A) He ud a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.
肝不好吃什么食物调理
B) He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.
C) He became notorious becau of the coca drink he developed.
D) He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.
【答案详解】答案是A。由第一自然段最后一句“But the other half of the name reprents
another ingredient，less infamous, perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut”我们可以得知“cola”代表另一种成分——可乐果：尽管名声不太好，但非常给力。很多同学首先就把A排除，理由是可口可乐不属于食品（food）的范畴。食品定义是“可供人类食用或饮用的物质”，饮料当然也属于广义的食品。做阅读理解，几个选项一定要仔细比较、揣摩。
【干扰分析】B、D选项具有很大的迷惑性。C选项很容易排除。由第一自然段第三句“Pemberton’s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol”我们可以得知：当地法律禁止出售含酒精饮料，彭伯顿的甜饮则避开了该法律。换言之，可口可乐是不含酒精的，他本人也没有冒违反法律的风险。故可排除B、D选项。C选项“变得声名狼藉（became notorious）”很容易排除，因为文章中提到声名狼藉的是可乐果，而不是彭伯顿。
47. What does the passage say about kola nuts?
A) Their commercial value was first discovered by Portugue ttlers.
B) They contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food.
