《英语词汇学教程》参考答案
Chapter 1
1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focus. Definition 1 focus on the meaning and us of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focus on the mantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions u different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon.
2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door.
(2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock.
(3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting.
3. (1) When it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id];
(2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t];
(3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]人生道.
4. (1) They are words that can be included in a mantic field of “tree”.
(2) They reprent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning.
(3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”.
(4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”.
5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, ud in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black);
'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black);
'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black);
'White Hou: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black).
(b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress);
'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress);
'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress);
'white 'hou: any hou that is painted white (both words receive primary stress).
6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. quences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 clod class words.
7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal.
(b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’粉色玫瑰花语 is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly.
(c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’ is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upt someone.
(d) A ‘bull market’ is one where prices ri fast becau there is a lot of buying of shares in anticipation of profits.
8. drinking vesls: cup, mug, glass, tumbler, tankard, goblet, bowl, beaker, wineglass, beer glass, sherry glass
They can be organized in a number of ways, for example, by the drinks the vesl is ud for.
Non-alcoholic: glass, tumbler, cup, mug, beaker, bowl
Beer: beer glass, tankard
Wine: wineglass, goblet
狮子和水瓶
Spirits: sherry glass
Chapter 2
1.Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, for example, sing as against sang, sung.
Morpheme is the ultimate grammatical constituent, the smallest meaningful unit of language. For example, moralizers is an English word compod of four morphemes: moral翁永曦+lize+er+诱导阻力s.
Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph, such as cat, chair, -ing, -s, etc.
Allomorphs are the alternate phonetic forms of the same morpheme, for example, [t], [d] and [id] are allomorphs of the past ten morpheme in English.
2. quick-ly, down-stair-s, four-th, poison-ous, weak-en,
world-wide, inter-nation-al-ly, in-ject, pro-trude
3. island, surname, disclo, duckling, cranberry,
reading, poet当时我就震惊了s, flavourfulness, famous, subvert
4. (a) [ə]
(b) [-ai]
5. (1) -’s, -s
(2) -est, -s
天艺舞姿肺气肿是什么原因引起的 (3) -ing
(4) -ed
6. The connotations are as follows:
(1) slang, carrying the connotation of reluctance, (2)informal, carrying the connotation that the speaker is speaking to a child, (3) beastie is ud to a small animal in Scotland, carrying the connotation of disgust, (4) carrying the connotation of formalness, (5) carrying the connotation of light-heartedness.
